[1] London’s Lost route to the Sea, PAL Vine/Horsham Heritage Issue No. 8 Alan Siney; Napoleon’s Invasion Threat 1798-1805. An audit of Horsham’s ability to defend itself.
[2] HMS 334B.
[3] HMS 357.
[4] HMS 591.
[5] Djabri etc al p.80 The Museum Archives have a large collection of such mortgages, legal deeds, obviously drawn up by Medwin.
[6] Albery Millennium p.396 and Albery Parliamentary History p.128 onwards.
[7] HMS 313.
[8] VCH p.172.
[9] HMS 213.
[10] HMS 250A.
[11] HMS 215.
[12] HMS 215 & poster.
[13] Steer (1968) A Catalogue of Sussex Maps. Lewes Sussex Record Society.
[14] Windrum P.115.
[15] VCH Vol 6 pt 1 p.17.
[16] HMS 207.
[17] See Hughes & Knight 1999.
[18] HMS 208.
[19] Pers com. K. Pritchard Jones, the current owner of Field Place, who researched this interest.
[20] Porter V. (1991) The Southdown Sheep. Singleton. Weald and Downland Museum.
[21] Albery Millennium p.511-541 covers the story in some detail. See also Djabri & Knight (2000) Horsham Barracks in Horsham Heritage Vol 2. pp.43-52.
[22] HMS 2929.
[23] Albery Millennium p.539.
[24] VCH p.148.
[25] Quoted in Willson p.109.
[26] Djabri & Knight above p.49.
[27] See elaborations at end of the chapter.
[28] Djabri & Knight above p.49.
[29] Sinny A. 2003 p.5.
[30] HMS 209.11.
[31] HMS 209.17.
[32] Siney A. (2003) Napoleon’s Invasion Threat 1798-1805 – an audit of Horsham’s ability to defend itself. Horsham Heritage. Vol 8 pp.4-12.
[33] This was republished and edited by Djabri as Horsham Companion. See above.
[34] See also Wield, E.M. (1999) Elizabeth Gatford 1741-99.
[35] Elliot-Wright P. Riflemen Military Illustrated p.47.
[36] Elliot-Wright p.48.
[37] Even with the creation of the book and TV series Sharpe, its memory wasn’t jolted until, in 2000, a commemorative plaque was unveiled in the Parish Church, and that summer actors marched up and down the Causeway part of the Museum’s Sharpe’s Horsham exhibition. See photograph.
[38] Siney above
[39] Siney above p.9.
[40] VCH p.148.
[41] “The first real impetus to Worthing’s rise came in 1798 when, after George III’s physicians suggested that his ailing daughter, Princess Amelia, would benefit from a course of sea-bathing, she spent some months there. …Town status was acquired by Act of Parliament in 1803 when the population was about 2,5002 Virgoe J.M. (2006) Typhoid in Worthing in ‘Fever Year’ 1893 The Local Historian. Vol 36 No 3. pp.163-174. p.164.
[42] Austin B. (2006) Turnpike Roads to Arundel, Worthing and Littlehampton. Sussex Industrial History No.36 p.15.
[43] Farrant above. p.78.
[44] Djabri s et al p.107.
[45] Hughes A. (2001). Horsham Independents. Horsham Heritage 3. pp.60-64.
[46] Vaughn E. & Knight J. Shelley a Life told through books. Horsham. Horsham museum.
[47] HMS 471.1 Though this particular case, the printing of a book by Shelley, might be more complex than that and involve false imprints.
[48] Djabri et al p 105.
[49] HMS 203.
[50] Albery Millennium 538.
[51] Rodgers N.A.M (2004). The Command of the Ocean. A Naval History of Britain, 1649-1815 Penguin p.227.
[52] Rodgers pp.226-240.
[53] Letter from Bob Smith head of conservation Royal Armouries 24.7.1995.
[54] HMS p.207.
[55] Albery Millennium p.518.
[56] Albery Millennium p.518.
[57] HMS 333.
[58] Bentley G.E. (2001) The Stranger From Paradise. A biography of William Blake Yale pp.258-264.
[59] Bentley p.259.
[60] Bentley p.264.
[61] Willson p.114.
[62] St Clair.
[63] St Clair.
[64] The Museum sale particulars show this development.
[65] VCH p.139.
[66] HMS 645 & 1778.
[67] HMS Sp 184.
[68] Djabri et al p.144.
[69] Rushams, also in this area, comes from an old field name VCH p.139.
[70] Rodgers p.543.
[71] In 1771 Lord Mansfield, on sitting at a case concerning the slave Somerset, could find no clear legal opinion on whether someone in England could be a slave, and sought Parliament and then private resolution of the case. In the end he decided the case on the simple grounds that slavery was “so odious” that nothing could support it. Somerset was therefore free. Though as Mansfield went on to say in 1779 his judgement “went no further than to determine that the master had no right to compel the slave to go to a foreign country”. Thomas p474. So Eudosia may have been a slave. He did not make a general case for emancipation in England, though the perception was such and it did encourage further examination of slavery.
[72] See Thomas for an account of sugar.
[73] For an overall view of slavery and from where much of the information comes, see Thomas H. (1997) The Slave Trade The history of the Atlantic Slave Trade 1440-1870. London. Picador.
[74] Thomas p.523.
[75] Wood M. (2000) ‘The Abolition Blunderbuss’: Free Publishing and British Abolition Propaganda, 1780-1838 in J. Raven (ed) 2000. Free Print and non-commercial publishing since 1700.
[76] HMS 2894.
[77] Thomas p.526.
[78] Thomas p.526.
[79] Son of John Pigott of Barbados, having been also Attorney-General in Grenada.
[80] Thomas p.555
[81] Thomas p.578.
[82] Thomas p.555.
[83] James p.Lomax pers com.
[84] Thomas p.578.
[85] Thomas p.555.
[86] James p.Lomax pers com.
[87] Willson p.115.
[88] HMS 426.
[89] Djabri (nd) p.11 and Albery p.607.
[90] Account of the Celebration of The Jubilee on the 25th October 1809; Being the 49th Anniversary of the reign of George the Third, “The Father of His People”. Collected and published by (A Lady) The wife of a naval officer pp.162-163. (HMS 2002.2011).
[91] For example: The Sermon by Burrell in 1712 (HMS 1996.3606), Tho. Hutchinson’s sermon after the 1746 Rebellion (HMS1996.2053) S. Dobell sermon on the internment of John Dendy in May 1814 (1996.3608) all three printed and published away from Horsham and none having specific mention of Horsham.
[92] HMS1996.3607 p.14.
[93] See Dibbden T. (1809) Bibliomania which parodies this craze.
[94] HMS 210.
[95] Albery Millennium p.17.
[96] Pers com. This came to light when I had to provide information for an encyclopaedia on Australia.
[97] Albery Parliamentary History p.181.
[98] Windrum p.63.
[99] VCH p.134.
[100] VCH p.183.
[101] Albery p.181.
[102] Steer. F.W. (1963) Borough of Horsham: Arundel Castle archives Interim Handlist No.7 p.105. Chichester. West Sussex Record Office.
[103] Steer above p.109.
[104] Wilson p.121-2.
[105] Albery Millennium p.184.
[106] Djabri (nd) above.
[107] Albery Millennium p.183.
[108] Albery Millennium p.188.
[109] Albery quoting p.15 of the act.
[110] Albery Millennium p.196.
[111] Albery Millennium p.194.
[112] This comment is based on the Brown Memorandum in the Museum archives. Brown is discussed more fully below.
[113] Albery Millennium p.194/5.
[114] Djabri (2003) p.222.
[115] Djabri (2003) p.221.
[116] The sales are summarised as follows: In the sale of land in Horsham Manor in 1812 the Duke of Norfolk bought just over 2 acres paying the highest price per acre. This was probably a tidying-up exercise, as was the purchase of 8 acres in Roughey on 14 January 1813, whilst Hurst bought over 16 acres of Roughey. There then followed private sales by allottees, and here the Duke of Norfolk sold over 166 acres of Horsham Manor land, of which Robert Hurst bought over 144 acres for £8395.16s 3d. Hurst then bought land from Norfolk from the Hawkesbourne Manor, some 6 acres and bought from various vendors over 13 acres of land at Marlpost manor.
[117] The following is taken from Chapman J. (1982) The Unofficial Enclosure Proceedings: A Study of the Horsham (Sussex) Enclosure 1812-1813 SAC.
[118] p.185.
[119] HMS 201.
[120] HMS 201.
[121] Djabri (2002) The Enclosure map of Horsham Common and the award of allotment – 1813 Horsham Heritage No. 6 p.43-39.
[122] Albery Millennium p.225
[123] Albery Millennium p.226
[124] VCH p.183
[125] Robinson 1995 pp.180-1
[126] Robinson p.181
[127] Robinson p.183
[128] Djabri (nd) p.28. The first National School had been established only a year earlier by the National Society for the Education of the Poor in the Principles of the Established Church – an offshoot of SPCK.
[129] Willson p.122.
[130] Willson pp.198-9.
[131] Willson p.124.
[132] Davidson C. (1982) A Woman’s Work is Never done. A History of Housework in the British Isles 1650-1950. London. Chatto & Windus.
[133] The bull ring was a feature of the Carfax until the 1930s or early 40s when it was given to the museum (Albery in his Millennium published in 1947 states that the ring was recently given to the museum – the text was written before the war p241) where it can be seen today.
[134] Hurst p.26.
[135] HMS p.596.
[136] Britton J & Brayley E.W. (1813) Beauties of England and Wales.
[137] Windrum p.190.
[138] Published in 1808 a second edition was issued in 1813, therefore it is likely they used the First edition.
[139] VCH p.169.
[140] Rather than repeat examples it was decided to use Beauties.
[141] Britton & Brayley p 200 using Young A. (1808) A View of Agriculture p.236 Arthur Young’s General view of the agriculture of the County of Sussex was published in 1808 and reprinted in 1813. The report was criticised soon after its 1813 publication by William Marshal in 1817 who knew of the report’s history. The report was not written by the celebrated Arthur Young, but his son Arthur Young Jnr, who attended Eton, Cambridge and then ordination, He graduated in 1793, was ordained in May, and in August was following his father’s tour of the County, using the contacts his father had developed in the 1780s when he was acquiring Southdown sheep. The original board of agriculture report was published in 1793 and it was this that was re-written between 1796-8 by Arthur Jnr, getting the report ready for the press by 1799, and then lay dormant being “corrected and improved” by his father in 1806/7, who did not visit Sussex in undertaking the revision, but based it on his 1788-92 tours. The book contains one Horsham farmer, Sir Charles Eversfield, that was based on the visit carried out in 1789 and published in Annals of Agriculture. J H Farrant 1992. “Spirited and Intelligent Farmers”, The Arthur Youngs and the Board of Agriculture’s Reports on Sussex 1793 and 1808. Sussex Arch. Coll.
[142] Britton & Brayley p.17.
[143] B & B p.18.
[144] VCH p.168.
[145] VCH p.168.
[146] VCH p.168.
[147] Horn was an early form of plastic; heated, it could be twisted into virtually any shape whilst its material meant it was tasteless and waterproof. Thin sheets would make lantern “glass”, or covers for horn books; hence its translucent nature being important. (Horsham Museum holds a couple of lamps with horn glass, as well as horn caddy spoons and beakers, in its collections).
[148] B& B p.19.
[149] B & B p.22.
[150] B & B p.22.
[151] B & B p.96.
[152] B & B p.95-97.
[153] Unpublished notes on The Sheppard Family of Selsey and Horsham . 2006. p.35.
[154] Albery p.528.
[155] HMS 2804.
[156] Neale K. (1975) Victorian Horsham: the Diary of Henry Michell 1809-1874. Chichester Phillimore p.44.
[157] Djabri & Knight 2002 p.11-17.
[158] Albery Millennium p.538.
[159] HMS 4572.
[160] Windrum p.108.
[161] I would like to thank Dr Paul Robinson, F.B.N, F.S.A, of Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society (Devizes Museum), for telling me of the tokens and supplying photocopies of a couple of articles. When I worked with Paul in the early 1980s he introduced me into the fascinating world of tokens.
[162] The early 18th century saw a glut of poor-quality copper coins in circulation even though an act of 1698 had ordered a temporary halt. By 1717 there was a shortage, so production restarted, which lasted until 1754 when it was thought enough small change was in circulation, particularly halfpennies and farthings. Minting began again in 1770 to 1775, particularly of halfpennies, then ceased, only to start again in 1797.
[163] Based on A. W. Waters (1954) Notes on Eighteenth Century Tokens B. A. Seaby Ltd London p v.
[164] As Waters goes on to explain, the “purchaser made a profit and ran no risk of having to redeem the coins, as for a general rule they bore no issuers name or address where they could be presented for repayment”.
[165] see The Dies of Thomas Spence (!750-1814) by R. H. Thompson. I would like to thank Dr Robinson for sending this and the preceding article.
[166] The Birch manuscript quoted by Thompson pp.151 & 2.
[167] Thompson 152.
[168] Albery Millennium p.111.
[169] see above.
[170] I would like to thank Sue Djabri for confirming my suspicions and for checking her extensive database.
[171] Arthur Waters suggests that perhaps, as Horsham had an Anchor inn, that the die was made by Skidmore for that establishment, but he gives it as “just a possibility”. Waters p 29.
[172] Waters p.7.
[173] Thompson p.156-157.
[174] Quoted by Thompson p.157.
[175] Thompson p.157.
[176] Quoted in Thompson p.157
[177] Thompson p.145.
[178] He was, in 1791, a schoolmaster in Newcastle upon Tyne, not moving to London till 1792, see Thompson above.
[179] See S. Djabri A Mysterious Banknote.
[180] Steer F.W. 1963 above.
[181] HSM 2000. 1454.
[182] Neale p.9.
[183] Museum accession no. 1062.
[184] Neale p.10.
[185] Robinson p.184.
[186] Djabri (2002) Hands across the sea – the Lanhams and Grinsteads. Horsham Heritage. 6. pp.25-29
[187] Today our notes are guaranteed by the Bank of England as a way of bolstering the confidence in the currency. (In fact, it was not until 1833 that the Bank of England carried such a guarantee.) Should that confidence waver, then you have a “run on the banks” where people demand the value of the money. The most obvious way to guarantee the value was to back it with gold. In 1844 Sir Robert Peel passed the Bank Act, when the Bank of England notes became “as good as gold” though the Act also allowed for £14 million un-recovered note; that, is notes not backed by gold. Yet gold is an artificially-valued item; hence, its price fluctuates. It is all down to confidence.
[188] Djabri (2002) A Visit to Horsham Horsham Heritage No 5 p.64.
[189] Albery Millennium p.190.
[190] Holdens Directory 1817p.36.
[191] HMS443.
[192] Burstow p.39.
[193] Henty Bank was part of the County-wide organisation. “Since banks served a relatively small area, the opening of branches was the principal means of widening their business. This could either be done directly, or by the banker joining with some other partners in separate, but linked, ventures in other towns. The banks of the Henty family, the first of which was opened at Worthing in 1809, were built by this latter policy…the partnership (Thomas Henty, his brother George, maternal relative, Mr Oliver, Mr Hopkins, a relation of Henty’s wife and landowner and Colonel Margesson) …had opened branches at Horsham and Arundel as separate undertakings with their own note issues. It nevertheless remained very much a family enterprise, with Thomas Henry’s eldest son James and, later, his third son Charles joining him in his business.” (P. R. Jenkins Sussex Money Dragonwheel Books 1987 p.36).
[194] Horsham did have a 1d bank note, see above.
[195] “In the early 1800s a licence to issue notes cost only £30 per year and a stamp duty was payable on each note” Jenkins p.36.
[196] As retold by Medwin Life of Shelley.
[197] VCH p.132.
[198] Djabri 2004. p.7.
[199] Djabri 2002 26 quoting HMS 288.146.
[200] HMS 457 & 2923.
[201] The technology to produce large sheets of glass didn’t exist at this time.
[202] Seccombe, W. (1995) A Millennium of Family Change, pb edition p.242.
[203] Burstow in his Reminiscences makes no mention of it. Francis Grose does in his 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, where he describes it as “a holiday, religiously observed by journeymen shoemakers, and other inferior mechanics. …an Irishman observed, that this saint’s anniversary happened every week”. The day was also used to hold weddings.
[204] The first Savings Bank was founded by Henry Duncan in Ruthwell Dumfries, on 10 May 1810.
[205] The Masque of Anarchy (written on the occasion of the massacre at Manchester) with a preface by Leigh Hunt. 1832. HM 1992.322.
[206] St Clair p.652.
[207] St Clair p.617.
[208] St Clair p.562.
[209] St Clair pp.624-5.
[210] Himmelfarth, G. (1984) The Idea of Poverty. England in the early Industrial age. London. Faber and Faber. p.3
[211] Himmelfarth p.127.
[212] Himmelfarth p..119.
[213] Himmelfarth p.10..1
[214] Himmelfarth pp.102-3
[215] Himmelfarth p.106.
[216] Himmelfarth p.107.
[217] St Clair p.263.
[218] St Clair pp.258-9.
[219] Albery Parl History p.259.
[220] Djabri et al 2000 p.121.
[221] Albery Parl pp.260-262.
[222] St Clair p.254.
[223] St Clair p.312.
[224] Knight & Vaughn 1999. p.90 The book is HM 1997.2174.
[225] St Clair p.308.
[226] VCH p.197.
[227] Howsam L. “The Nineteenth-Century Bible Society and ‘The Evil of Gratuitous Distribution’. in J. Raven (ed) 2000. Free Print and non-commercial publishing since 1700.
[228] A resolution at the inaugural meeting stated that ‘no English Bibles of Testaments shall be given away in Great Britain by the Society itself. …A manual on the practical details of the Bible distribution warned that ‘in every instance gratuitous distribution should, as much as possible, be avoided; and the people be induced to purchase the scriptures, which are generally valued and read in direct proportion to the expense or trouble which they have cost in obtaining them” p.123 Howsam.
[229] Djabri et al p.122.
[230] Himmelfarb p.124.
[231] Himmelfarb p.124.
[232] VCH p.199.
[233] HMS 4001, 4002, 230A.1, 230A.2 (demolition of the house), SP 405 (sale of Hills Place estate.) see also Hughes & Knight.
[234] Wickens (2001) The Terror of the County. A History of the Shipley gang. Horsham Heritage pp.3-23.
[235] William Albery, in his Millennium, talks up the Shipley Gang (Albery p 248-50) and its crimes, emphasising the desperate measures due to poverty including mill smashing, but as Clair Wickens shows, no such activity was carried out by the gang.
[236] Albery Millennium p.398.
[237] Albery p.399.
[238] Johnson, D. (1974) Regency Revolution – The Case of Arthur Thistlewood Compton Russell p.53.
[239] Johnson, D. (1974) Regency Revolution – The Case of Arthur Thistlewood Compton Russell p.53.
[240] Johnson, D. (1974) Regency Revolution – The Case of Arthur Thistlewood Compton Russell p.53p, Albery Millennium refers to this overcrowding, p.398.
[241] Johnson, D. (1974) Regency Revolution – The Case of Arthur Thistlewood Compton Russell p.60.
[242] Wood M. (2000) ‘The Abolition Blunderbuss’: Free Publishing and British Abolition Propaganda, 1780-1838 in J. Raven (ed) 2000. Free Print and non-commercial publishing since 1700.
[243] Neale p.44.
[244] Albery Millennium p.400.
[245] VCH p.183.
[246] Although highly personal, it might be that Norfolk, a Catholic, didn’t want his town to rely on Protestant time; one can never tell if such personal feelings played a part.
2471] VCH pp.199-200.
[248] VCH p.195.
[249] Robinson p.193.
[250] Robinson pp.189-91.
[251] Wilson p.129.
[252] Willson p.133.
[253] VCH p.194.
[254] Dudley p.32, VCH p.200.
[255] HMS 2001.1907.
[256] St Claire.
[257] Cooper Dendy (1827) Sketches in Prose.Np.
[258] 1994.517.
[259] DNB Online 2005.
[260] 1996 2052.
[261] 2004. 193.
262] DNB Online 2005.
[263] HMS 443.
[264] HMS 446.
[265] Robert Darnton has shown in The Forbidden Best-Sellers of Pre-Revolutionary France (1995) that one of the reasons for the collapse of the ancien regime in France was the continuous drip, drip, drip decades beforehand, sapping the energy of the church and authorities, of scandalous and often pornographic books, often imported from Switzerland, and backed this fear by criminal and civil law.
[266] St Clair p.308.
[267] St Clair W. The Godwins And The Shelleys p.85.
[268] St Clair p.309.
[269] St Clair p.310.
[270] St Clair p.310.
[271] St Clair p.311.
[272] Barcus J. E. (1975) Shelley- The Critical Heritage. London. Routledge and Kegan Paul pp.63-71
[273] St Clair pp.293-356
[274] Albery gives a very brief title to this Act, which is misleading. For the Act itself was ”An Act to enable Trustees to grant Building Leases of lands in the several Parishes of Saint Leonard’s (and four other places in Hastings area) and Horsham… Part of the Estates devised by the Will of Charles Eversfield. Esq. and to sell the same lands…” Clearly they were raising capital rather than exploiting a buoyant land market. HMS 2846.
[275] D. Hurst (1868) History and Antiquities of Horsham p.37.
[276] VCH p.139.
[277] Hammond J.L. & B. (1911) The Village Labourer 1760-1832. [1] Hobsbawm E. J. & Rude G. (1969) Captain Swing reprinted by Phoenix 2001
[278] Hobsbawm E. J. & Rude G. (1969) Captain Swing reprinted by Phoenix 2001.
[279] Albery p.639. This must be the road mentioned by Hurst above.
[280] Albery.
[281] As transcribed by Albery HMS 870.
[282] Brighton Gazette 24 Feb. 1831.
[283] The following section is based on Djabri (2004) Poverty and Its Effect on Horsham in the 19th Century; Horsham Heritage no 11 which should be read to gain the full details.
[284] Albery p.557 quoting p.813.
[285] Djabri p.14.
[286] Djabri p.12.
[287] Djabri p.14.
[288] Albery p.627.
[289] Windrum pp. 158/9.
[290] Notice in Brown papers p.809.
[291] VCH p.153.
[292] The earliest Religious literature group was actually formed in 1814 when the Bible Association of Horsham and its neighbourhood was formed, (see above).
[293] Windrum p.143.
[294] HMS p.334b.
[295] HMS p.367.
[296] Unfortunately, after five attempts to find out from the Freemasons in Horsham when they were founded, the veil of secrecy descends over the organisation. All I do recall is that at one time a Freemason came into the Museum asking if we had any documentation, as he thought the Horsham group was founded in the late 18th/early 19th century, only to be re-founded later.
[297] Windrum p.142/3.
[298] Windrum p.142.
[299] Letter to the Editor Brighton Guardian 16 March 1842 quoted in J C Cooper The life and work of George Bax Holmes (1803-1887) of Horsham: a Quaker fossil – collector and correspondent of Richard Owen Unpublished typescript p.7.
[300] Finkelstein D. (2005) review of Science in the Nineteenth Century Periodical: Reading the Magazine of Nature “in The Library 7th series, vol 6 no 2 p.206.
[301] Nash P. W. (2005) review of Science and Salvation: Evangelical Popular Science Publishing in Victorian Britain p.207.
[302] Brock p.81 quoted in Web of English History. This web site gives a very good account of the background.
[303] Brock p.80.
[304] Brock p.81.
[305] Albery quoting Hansard in Parl Hist. p.263.
[306] Quoted in A Web of English History- the Peel Web.
[307] Albery p.263.
[308] Albery p.263. This in itself may not relate to Horsham.
[309] Brock p.167 quoted in A Web of English History.
[310] Albery Parliamentary History p.267.
[311] Brock p.103.
[312] Windrum p.57.
[313] Albery Parl quoting Hansard p. 263.
[314] Place archive.
[315] Brock p.250.
[316] Brock p.250.
[317] Brock p.259.
[318] Brock p.263.
[319] Brock p.292.
[320] Brock p.295.
[321] Brock p.296.
[322] Brock p.302.
[323] Albery Parl gives the full manifesto pp.263-5.
[324] Albery p.265.
[325] Burstow p.26.
[326] Dudley p.31.
[327] Windrum p.60.
[328] Djabri above.
[329] Djabri above.
[330] Djabri above.
[331] Windrum p.145.
[332] Windrum p.145.
[333] Guildford was divided into 3 parishes paying £13, £5 and £12 for the clerk.
[334] Ottley G.A.(1983) A bibliography of British railway history second ed. P. 400.
[335] Ottley p.45.
[336] Ottley p.50.
[337] Burstow p.67.
[338] Burstow p.68.
[339] Ottley p.400.
[340] Burstow p.68.
[341] VCH p.150.
[342] Albery Millennium p.302.
[343] Harvey A.D. (19840 Sex in Georgian England p.125).
[344] Albery Millennium p 311 who says they were hanged on the 6th, but in fact they were sent to Horsham on the 6th, as related in The Brighton Herald of 8 August as transcribed by Albery himself in MS 870.
[345] In 2001 I wrote and had published a book on the exhibition Horsham herstory, which recount the lives of Horsham’s notable women.
[346] Harvey p.125.
[347] Harvey p.124.
[348] Harvey p.125.
[349] DNB Online.
[350] David Finkelstein review of Encounters in the Victorian Press: editors, authors, readers ed by L. brake and J. Codell” in The Library 7th series vol 6 no4 p.467.
[351] Pers. Com. D. Gale, who for this history tried to make contact with the group, only to find that it was so discreet no contact could be made. The Group advertised itself in previous years’ Gay Times newspaper.
[352] Neal p.37.
[353] Neal P.38.
[354] Brock M (1973) The Great Reform Act p.391
[355] Brook p.17
[356] Djabri et al 2000. p.131 quoting PRO HO 52/10
[357] Djabri et al above.
[358] Djabri et al P.131.
[359] Djabri p.19.
[360] Djabri p.18.
[361] Djabri p.18.
[362] Albery p.557 quoting John Browne’s letter to his father.
[363] Djabri p.18 quoting Browne’s notes
[364] Albery pp.559/60 quoting Browne letter
[365] Djabri p.20
[366] Albery p.565
[367] Albery p.565 footnote
[368] Albery p.565
[369] Djabri p.23
[370] Browne papers
[371] Djabri p.25
[372] Shelley some 12 years before had been under extensive surveillance
[373] Albery pp.263-5
[374] This issue was explored in some depth by E.P. Thompson Making of the English Working Classes
[375] Taken from A web of English history. The Peal web. 21st.06.05.
[376] British History online.
[377] National Union of the Working Classes British History Online quoting AdMs 29972 ff 280-2.
[378] National Union of the Working Classes British History Online quoting AdMs 29972 ff 280-2.
[379] Museum copy 1997.2303.
[380] Brock p.167.
[381] Brock p.168.
[382] St Clair p.310.
[383] St Clair p.610.
[384] HMS 1995.84.
[385] HMS 1990.527.
[386] HMS 1997.233.
[387] HMS 1995.84.
[388] HMS 1995.361.
[389] St Clair p.678.
[390] Every woman’s Book which sold 5,000 copies in 1826 St Clair P.676.
[391] St Clair p.313.
[392] St Clair p.681.
[393] St Clair p.679.
[394] St Clair p.681.
[395] St Clair p.316.
[396] St Clair quoting Vizitelly’s autobiography p.320.
[397] St Clair p.321.
[398] Albery Millennium p.138.
[399] Tamplin T. (2001) The History of the Fire Brigade Horsham Heritage No 3 p.52.
[400] Tamplin quoting Hurst.
[401] HMS 494.
[402] VCH p.182.
[403] The staff is on display in Horsham Its History gallery.
[404] Neale p.60.
[405] Burstow pp.49-50 footnote – according to Albery’s own annotated copy of Burstow’s book he wrote: “All the information about Ike Aldridge was given by my Uncle Edward Aldridge a distant relative of his. The gift of the new fire engine by Lady Irwin I saw in the Sussex advertiser of that date”.
[406] Albery Millennium p.139.
[407] Burstow pp 31-33 who gives a list of runners and owners of the 1835 meet; Albery writes: “Mr Burstow does not of course remember the program of this event. It is copied from one of the printed programmes sold on the ground. I got it from Walter Reading whose father Old Bob Reading rode Mr Padwick’s horse. I also received from Walter reading the cap and tunic in which his father rode in these races.
[408] Dudley p.43/4.
[409] Dudley pp.68/9.
[410] Burstow p.35.
[411] Burstow pp.70/71.
[412] Windrum states 14-24ft deep p.97.
[413] Windrum p.97.
[414] Burstow p.53.
[415] Burstow p.16.
[416] Neale p.40.
[417] Burstow p.68.
[418] Dudley p.68.
[419] As with many new inventions it is the unintentional that causes the greatest surprise; in our time it was the rise of text messaging on mobile phones, originally an afterthought; for the railway it was passenger traffic.
[420] Burstow p.61.
[421] Burstow p.62.
[422] Burstow p.61.
[423] Burstow p.40.
[424] Burstow p.44.
[425] Burstow p.50 The particulars of the old band were also given to me by my Uncle Edward; also, the list of players – Albery copy of Burstow. The serpent may well be the musical instrument housed in the Museum.
[426] See above & Windrum p.51.
[427] Burstow p.46.
[428] Burstow p.45.
[429] MSS 512. a petition signed by various tradesmen stated that the previous tender “the whole of the Prices produced being greater than the Estimate of the architects employed…and no Contract was entred into”, so another advertisement was placed and the traders re-tendered. Samuel Rowland, who led the bid, came in at £4655.15s6d, George Baron of London £4680, Mr Ezra Young Brighton £4698, Mr Edward Ockenden of Crawley £4730, Mr Edward Lee of Horsham £4750, Mr Edward Hide of Worthing £4760. Samuel’s co-workers were his brothers, Charles and Benjamin, bricklayers and masons, Charles Aldridge Plumber, and Glaziers, John Webben and George Taylor carpenter.
[430] Djabri (2005) Poverty and its effect on Horsham in the 19th century Part 3. Horsham Heritage Vol 13 pp.13-17.
[431] Burstow p.28.
[432] Burstow pp.73-4.
[433] This is explored by Stone L. (1990) Road to Divorce. England 1530-1987. Oxford. OUP esp. pages. 143-8.
[434] Burstow p.73.
[435] Hewell, N. (2003) Horsham Labourer’s Friend Society Horsham Heritage Vol 8 p 57-61 (The documents are actually held by Horsham Museum and not Norman as mentioned in HH.)
[436] Hewell p.59.
[437] Hewell p.57.
[438] Hewell p.60.
[439] Albery XIX.
[440] Albery XIX.
[441] Hewell.
[442] HMS 503.
[443] Albery Millennium p.581.
[444] Robinson pp.194-5.
[445] Web of English History, The Peel Webb.
[446] VCH p.139.
[447] Hewell N. (2002) Memories of “The Common” in Horsham Heritage. No 5 pp.21-45.
[448] In the accounts published for the Mechanics Institution for 1839, £19.16s 4d was “paid for books” (Browne papers) and a further £2 13s 4d paid for binding, as books were often sold in paper or card covers rather than in trade cloth bindings which suggests that the members had access to some recently-published books, though whether they were reprints of old literature or new discoveries is not known.
[449] St Clair – one of the books to benefit from this new reduced price structure was Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, the 9th novel issued under the scheme and the first account that is illustrated has Mary Shelley’s name on it (Knight & Vaughn).
[450] Albery Parliamentary History p.318.
[451] St Claire.
[452] Albery Parliamentary History p. 318.
[453] Albery Parliamentary History p.319.
[454] Willson p.133.
[455] Willson pp.133-135.
[456] Dudley p.33.
[457] Comments made to the curator by A. Robinson, a campaigner for its preservation.
[458] Watton W. I. (nd) History of St Marks Church p.5.
[459] Michell 1838 quoted in Neale p.76.
[460] Now part of the Royal & Sun Alliance site, roadway and housing development.
[461] HMS 790.
[462] VCH p.192.
[463] Hurst p.226.
[464] VCH p.20.0
[465] Notes on St Mark’s held in Museum archives.
[466] VCH p.192.
[467] See Watton above.
[468] Windrum p.20.
[469] VCH p.203.
[470] Windrum p.69.
[471] This, and the following information, is taken from the Rule book issued in 1850. HM 1996.2017.
[472] Based on Djabri S. Ed. (1998) The Horsham tithe Map Schedule and Index Horsham Museum Society.
[473] See Horsham mapped for a catalogue of maps of the town. The earliest one of Horsham in 1647.
[474] Robinson p.184.
[475] VCH174 & Haines s (2005) Horsham a History. Chichester. Philimore.
[476] Neale p.42.
[477] Neale p.39.
[478] Neale p.40.
[479] VCH pp.138-9.
[480] Though, interestingly, Mr Padwick bought the old Lamb inn, originally called the “lamb and shepherdess”, in the Carfax around 1838-1842 and built on the site a large premises, which was pulled down in the 1970s (VCH) to turn it into a rival hotel, though it failed – note in Albery’s copy of Burstow.
[481] VCH p.152.
[482] Windrum p.159.
[483] Burstow p.49.
[484] HMS 766.
[485] DNB online.
[486] Neale pp. 75/6.
[487] Robinson.
[488] In 1829 The Metropolitan Police Act had established the “Peelers” or “bobbies”; so-named after Peel, Robert. The success of the 1,000 new policemen on the streets of London led to The Municipal Corporations Act of 1835 which ordered all incorporated boroughs to set up police forces under the Watch committee. As Horsham was not incorporated it had to wait until the 1839 Rural Constabularies Act for the power to set up a police force, though it was not until 1856 that Parliament mandated the provinces to establish police forces. (Web of history The Police and Prisons.
[489] Burstow p.52.
[490] Browne archive.
[491] Browne papers.
[492] Albery p.506.
[493] Neale p.41.
[494] HMS 642.
[495] HMS 646.
[496] HMS 2117.
[497] Albery p.507.
[498] Albery p.509.
[499] VCHp.197.
[500] Neale p.78.
[501] Neale argues for 1838, web of history 1839.
[502] Neale pp.77/8.
[503] Neale p.79.
[504] See Albery Parliamentary history for an account of the contest.
[505] Neale p.78.
[506] Web of History Peel.
[507] HMS 680.6.
[508] HMS 680.7.
[509] HMS 680-8.
[510] HMS680.16.
[511] HMS680.
[512] Neale p.79.
[513] Neale p.80.
[514] Neale pp.79/80.
[515] Neale P.49.
[516] VCH P.170.
[517] VCH P.169.
[518] VCH P.170.
[519] VCH P.131.
[520] VCH P.179.
[521] VCH P.145.
[522] VCH P.137.
[523] Albery P.179.
[524] It may be a coincidence, but it was in the late 1820s/early 30s that over a million trees were planted in Lower Beeding to regenerate St Leonard’s Forest. See chapter on the Forest.
[525] Albery P.317.
[526] Burstow PP.63-7.
[527] Albery P.403.
[528] Amongst the museum correspondence is a letter to Mr Padwick from George Cooks for Mr Langridge sent from Record Room, County Hall, Lewes 18 November 1845 – Dear Sir, I have submitted to the Magistrates, this day, the offer of Mr Michell, to give £30. for the whole of the Utensils, Articles, etc. in Horsham Gaol, set forth in the List (for Sale) prepared by Mr Sanders. This List I understand includes every thing in the Gaol not selected by Mr Sanders to be sent to Lewes Prison”. It goes on to say that the Magistrates accepted the offer, that he was awaiting instructions from Mr Padwick before sending the cheque of £1753 to the Eastern Treasurer, which suggests that Padwick was helping Michell out as Michell had to borrow every penny of the purchase price, and that Michell had probably asked Padwick to see if any plans of the Gaol existed, as the letter ends: “I send you the only Plan of Horsham Gaol that I can at present find. I do not expect to find one shewing the Drains, etc if I should do so at any time it shall be sent to you…” (HMS 682.1)
[529] Neale p.44.
[530] Burstow p.67.
[531] Neale p.45.
[532] Neale p.47.
[533] Burstow p.68.
[534] HMS 2827.
[535] Neale p.47.
[536] Burstow p.69.
[537] HMS 2470.
[538] Neale p.46.
[539] Neale p.47.
[540] Albery p.403. “Besides the lock-up, the brewery, known as the West Street Brewery at Horsham, was largely built by and for Mr Michell,” with the footnote explaining: “Some of the cells in their original form and some of the windows can still be seen at the now disused brewery which amalgamated with the Rock Brewery, Brighton, in 1911. Yet, according to the Diary, quoted above, Michell built a new Malt house on the site of the Gaol; his diary makes no mention of building or enlarging the West Street Brewery with material from the Gaol, let alone rebuilding the cells in their original form, which suggests that Albery, having seen some cell-like structure at the West Street Brewery, just assumed they had come from the old Gaol site.
[541] Neale p.80.
[542] Albery Parliamentary History p.331, which recounts the election in full.
[543] Windrum p.54.
[544] Albery Parliamentary History pp. 330-69.
[545] Albery p.379.
[546] Burstow p.29.
[547] See Djabri & Knight (1995) Horsham’s Forgotten Son Horsham District Council.
[548] Albery Parl. Hist. 404.
[549] Windrum p.56.
[550] Neale p.48.
[551] Burstow p.68.
[552] Dudley H. (1836) The History and Antiquities of Horsham. London. Reprinted with introduction by C.W. Cramp. 1973. Horsham. Jury Cramp Ltd.
[553] Slyfield B. (2000). The precocious Talent of Howard Dudley Horsham Heritage Vol. 1 pp.27-32 p.31.
[554] Gaskell P. (1973) A New Introduction to Bibliography second ed. Pp.88-106 for how pages were folded.
[555] He could, though, have bought one for around £3 as William Chambers did in the late 1820s (St Claire 312), though the type would be expensive.
[556] St Claire p.315.
[557] St Claire.
[558] Sylfield p.30.
[559] Dudley p.45.
[560] The realisation that the use of pictures in the history book was novel came whilst reading Camille M (1998) Mirror in parchment The Luttrell Psalter and the Making of Medieval England. London. Reaktion Books. Particularly the introduction pp.15-48 p.27.
[561] Dudley p.21.
[562] Camille p.29.
[563] Quoted in Camille p.29.
[564] Quoted from Samuel R. (1994) Theatres of Memory: Past and Present in Contemporary culture. Camille p.12.
[565] These drawings have been in the Museum collections unrecognised for what they were until 2004, when the Museum held the exhibition Drawn to Horsham in which the pen and ink copies were displayed alongside the original pages from a notebook that Thomas had painted in watercolour some sixty years earlier. The pen and ink drawings were published in William Albery’s Millennium where they are credited to Thomas, even though they are clearly signed G Mann.
[566] As shown above, it lost its borough status.
[567] HMS 2901.
[568] HMS 518.
[569] Albery Millennium p155 – but that had been in existence for at least 40, if not more, years (Albery p. 137).
[570] Albery Millennium p.121, 123.
[571] Djabri (2006) Images of England. Horsham Tempus.
[572] (Horace Mann (1854) Census of Great Britain 1851, Religious worship in England and Wales, abridged from the official report quoted in The Churches in England from Elizabeth I to Elizabeth II Vol III by K. Hylson-Smith 1998 p.14.
[573] Taken and adapted from Vickers J. A. The religious census of Sussex 1851 – Sussex Record Society Vol 75 pp. 120-123.
[574] Neale p.75.
[575] Rogers A. “When City speaks to Country: the emergence of the town as a focus for religious activity in the nineteenth century” SCH, 16 1979 pp 335-59 quoted in Hylson-Smith p..15.
[576] Hylson-Smith p.59.
[577] BBC TV program Vicar of Dibley, of the 1990s/2000s, is such an example.
[578] The decline that the Church witnessed in the next century was not of its working class but of the middle classes. More and more the middle classes, who still believed in Christian views; after all, the three key stages in life: birth, marriage and death, were still marked in predominantly Christian manner; did not feel that they had to belong to the church as a corporate body. But that is leaping forward.
[579] Neale p.69.
[580] Neale p.70.
[581] Neale p.70.
[582] Neale p.70.
[583] Neale p.47.
[584] Neale p.71.
[585] Neale p.70.
[586] VCH p.199.
[587] Neale p.16.
[588] p.71.
[589] Neale p.70.
[590] Djabri S. (2005) Poverty and its effect on Horsham in the 19th century Horsham Heritage.
[591] Note taken from booklet on the Bicentenary of the Cricket Club.
[592] VCH p.172 Albery in his Millennium states alternate Wednesdays, p.107.
[593] p.139.
[594] Burstow writes about the name of the area, “but no such doubt attaches to the origin of the popular name of that part of the Town in which I was born, “The Rookery”. One tradition credits it to the fact that at one time rooks used to build their nests in an avenue of tall trees there, but candour compels me to refute this pleasing error and replace it with something less creditable…The name “Rookery” sprang from one of the numerous fights and squabbles that used to disgrace the neighbourhood”, going on to explain how after the squabble a woman had shouted out: “Yah!!” she halloed at them as she was driven off, “you are like a lot of d__d old rooks: if you upset one you upset the lot”. Burstow p. 10. Although very prosaic, and it gives a sense of uniqueness to Horsham, the reality is far more interesting. “Rookery” was the more common word used for slums throughout much of the 19th century. It derived from rook’s nests, the breeding place for harsh-voiced birds. “The unsavoury connotation of the word was reinforced by the verb “to rook”, meaning to cheat or swindle, and by the noun “rook”, a thief or swindler, or the crowbar used in housebreaking (“Rook” in this sense went back to Elizabethan times). The more recent, the word “slum”, first used in 1812, was derived from slumber, and described a “sleepy, unknown back alley”. (G. Himmelfarth p. 307).
[595] Burstow p.10.
[596] VCH p.172.
[597] VCH p.173.
[598] Neale p.49.
[599] Neale p.51.
[600] Neale p.51.
[601] Neale p.51.
[602] Neale p.52.
[603] Windrum p.20.
[604] HMS Sp 108.
[605] Albery Millennium p.628.
[606] Neale p.32 & 100.
[607] It was through this means that Padwick acquired Hewells from the Tredcrofts in 1857 Pers.com S. Djabri and VCH 164 S. Djabri has also found evidence that he targeted young men in the London clubs, befriended them and took advantage of the friendship which may on occasions have been more than platonic, then turned on them, forcing bankruptcy.
[608] Hylson-Smith p.110.
[609] Hylson-Smith p.113.
[610] Hylson-Smith p.113.
[611] Hylson-Smith p.114.
[612] Windrum p.33.
[613] HMS 2471.
[614] Not a mistake: his name was Bartelott Bartelott.
[615] Albery p.615.
[616] HMS 2471 p.1926.
[617] HMS 2471 pp.1926/7.
[618] Haines S. (2005) p.101.
[619] Neale p.55.
[620] Neale p.34.
[621] Windrum p.192.
[622] Windrum p.193 and the Act itself HMS 2472.
[623] HMS 2473.
[624] Albery Millennium p.641.
[625] Sinney A. HH vol 6 pp. 36/7.
[626] Windrum p.193.
[627] VCH p.169.
[628] VCH p.170
[629] HMS 1998.1322.
[630] HMS 2941.
[631] Tamplin HH No 3 (2001) p.54.
[632] Windrum p.157.
[633] Hurst p.108.
[634] Dudley p.33.
[635] VCH p.200.
[636] Windrum p.157.
[637] Hurst p.108.
[638] Hurst p.6.
[639] Hurst p.53.
[640] Burstow p.89.
[641] Windrum p.31 – who also gives the full account from the paper.
[642] Windrum p.31.
[643] Windrum p.31.
[644] Burstow p.89.
[645] Burstow pp.89/90.
[646] HMS 525.
[647] Hain p.110.
[648] Hurst p.54.
[649] HMS 791.
[650] Hurst p.57/8.
[651] Hurst p.95.
[652] Patented in 1837.
[653] HMS 686.
[654] See Comber above for further details.
[655] Albery Millennium p.249.
[656] Wickens Horsham Heritage 3 above.
[657] Comber p.13.
[658] This is a very early photograph and the date might well be questionable.
[659] Albery Parliamentary History esp. Chapter 17 pp.415-431.
[660] Radbourne M. (2000)The Struggle to improve Health in 19th century Horsham Horsham Heritage vol 1 p.35
[661] Albery Parl. pp.424-5
[662] Albery p.423
[663] Albery p.427.
[664] Albery p.431.
[665] Windrum p.95.
[666] HMS 2904.
[667] Windrum pp.96/7.
[668] Albery p.426.
6691] The following year the large metropolitan unions were encouraged to set up hospitals.
[670] Djabri S. (2005) Poverty and its effect on Horsham…Part 3 Horsham Heritage No 13 p.12-13.
[671] As mentioned previously a Corn auction/market occurred regularly in various hotels in the town including The Swan.
[672] HMS 536-9.
[673] Albery Millennium pp.144-5.
[674] Kelly’s Directory 1866. p.2063.
[675] VCH p.183.
[676] HMS 768.1.
[677] Albery pp.144-5.
[678] J. T. Rawlison was a solicitor in Horsham, eventually going into partnership with Mr Butler. It is through his papers HMS 767 that we have the Opinion of Counsel for reviving the Borough.
[679] Windrum p.65.
[680] Where was it copied from? Was a copy held in the town papers or were they copied from papers held in the Public Record office?
[681] Also called relief etching: a technique of printmaking from a plate on which all but the design to be printed is etched away, leaving the design in relief. In zinc etching, the most popular anastatic process, the design is painted on a zinc plate in asphalt varnish and the uncoated portions of the plate are bitten away by a solution. Encyclopaedia Britannica online.
[682] The two old views are of Hills place 1819, drawn by Syms (p 136), and Rusper Nunnery p 169, both obviously re-drawn.
[683] Hurst p.36.
[684] Hurst p.27.
[685] Hurst p.32-3.
[686] Hurst p.33.
[687] Hurst p.83.
[688] This desire might have been inspired by the 15th century bronze in the Church, of the parish clerk.
[689] Hurst p.88.
[690] Hurst pp.96-7.
[691] Hurst p.109.
[692] Hurst p.110 When I arrived at the museum in 1988 the Horsham Museum Society room/library had a 15-foot long table, said to have been used to block up a window. That was given to the Museum when the Almshouses were being renovated in 1944. The table top consisted of three thick twisted planks constructed on a simple wooden support. The suggestion being the whole table had been used to block the window. It was highly polished and thought to be Jacobean by at least two professional valuers. However, the table dominated the room and it was apparent that the so-called table was in fact a “marriage”: legs of a different date to the top. In order to use the room effectively it was offered to other museums and so left the museum and Horsham. Only in re- reading Dorothea Hurst’s book did the full story of the “table” come out, and so its loss wasn’t as significant as was originally thought.
[693] Hurst p.112.
[694] p.115.
[695] p .134.
[696] p.135.
[697] p.136 (In fact, recently the author was told that such terraces were part of a Iron Age hill fort; fortunately, Dorothea’s description showed otherwise).
[698] p.139.
[699] p.142.
[700] p.145.
[701] VCH p.169.
[702] pp.161-2.
[703] DNB online. Roger Middleton.
[704] Rules of the Society.
[705] Information based on Holtham P. (2004) The Brewers of West Sussex. In Sussex Industrial History. 34. pp.2-11.
[706] Based on VCH pp.176-7.
[707] Albery Parliamentary History p.443.
[708] Windrum p.65.
[709] Stranger Guide to Horsham p.7.
[710] The first guide had been published in 1958, but without commentary.
[711] At this time there were no football, rugby or athletic clubs established in the town: cricket was the main spectator sport except for hare-coursing, which was carried out in St Leonard’s.
[712] Denne Park, which had the lovers’ walk.
[713] The journal doesn’t say whether they were born and raised in Horsham, or came to Horsham recently and died in the town – hence disproving the very quality it boasts.
[714] DNB Online.
[715] Although outside our time frame, at Christ’s Hospital school they even had a laid-down procedure for blowing your nose.
[716] As I write this there is a mass conversion of Indian people to Christianity in order to escape the caste system.
[717] VCH p.155.
[718] Windrum p.143.
[719] Hutchinson. R (1996) Empire Games. The British invention of Twentieth-Century Sport London. Mainstream Publishing p.171.
[720] Professor Walvin quoted in Bragg p.105.
[721] HMS 1998.1727.
[722] Lawrence J. (2006) The Middle Class. A History. P334.
[723] VCH p.155.
[724] Burstow p.34.
[725] Hadgraft R. (2004) The Little Wonder: the untold story of Alfred Shrubb World champion runner
[726] When Pavilions in the Park opened in 2002 I was asked to produce a short history of swimming in the town for the inaugural exhibition. This and the Elaboration at the end of this chapter are taken from the exhibition.
[727] Bragg.
[728] Windrum p.172.
[729] Willson p.143.
[730] Lawrence p.341.
[731] VCH 200/1.
[732] See above.
[733] VCH p.201.
[734] VCH p.200.
[735] Burstow p.71.
[736] Windrum p.137.
[737] Burstow pp.75-6.
[738] Bragg p.96.
[739] Windrum p.137.
[740] Neale p.89.
[741] Neale p.89.
[742] Lawrence p.301.
[743] VCH p.192.
[744] W.L Worton above.
[745] Albery p.628.
[746] Albery p.629.
[747] VCH p.141.
[748 Albery p.629.
[749] VCH p.139.
[750] HMS sp 155.
[751] HMS Sp 182.
[752] Friswell, A. (2005) The community of “New Town”, a growing suburb of Horsham from 1875 to 1900 in Horsham Heritage. 12 pp.3 -20.
[753] Sp 174.
[754] HMS 287.207-221.
[755] This, and what follows, is based on M. Radbourne (2000) The struggle to improve health in 19th century Horsham Horsham Heritage Vol 1 pp.33-43.
[756] VCH p.129.
[757] Windrum p.98.
[758] WEB Classic Encyclopaedia based on the 11th Ed. Enc. Britannica. 1911.
[759] Litten, J. (1991) The English way of Death. London. Robert Hale. P 142. The book uses the picture as its front cover, such is the visual impact.
[760] Robert Sheppard (1810-1885) (see Djabri above) was the engineer in chief of the Horsham waterworks, built in 1866, as well as being involved in the Gasworks. All one can assume is that he, or members of the Local Board, did not feel confident, or were unsure, in his planning such a large scheme and looked for outside advice.
[761] DNB Online John Cripps rev. John Martin.
[762] Open fields are also known as strip farming – where land is divided up so everyone got one strip good, one strip bad, at its most simplistic level.
[763] Hull R. (2004) The History of Broadbridge Farm and Water-mill 1243-1927 Horsham Heritage 10 p.28.
[764] Albery p.160.
[765] Albery p.161.
[766] Albery p.164.
[767] Albery p.162.
[768] As the illuminated scroll in the Museum’s collection shows.
[769] VCH pp.173-4.
[770] Albery pp.617-8.
[771] Radbourne above and HMS 777.
[772] Albery pp.128.
[773] Albery p.161, Radbourne p.41.
[774] VCH p.154.
[775] Windrum p.159.
[776] Windrum p.95.
[777] VCH spells it Sedgewick, its earlier form of spelling.
[778] Winbolt. S E. 1925 “Sedgwick Castle: (2) History (excavations 1923-4) in Sussex archaeological collections p 83-110 p.107.
[779] VCH volume VI part 3 p.7.
[780] VCH refers to the family as Savage; Winbolt as Sauvage.
[781] Winbolt p.107.
[782] Winbolt p.5.
[783] Winbolt p.5.
[784] VCH volume VI part 3 p.9.
[785] Winbolt p85.
[786] VCH volume VI part 3 p.98.
[787] VCH volume VI part 3 p.01.
[788] VCH volume VI part 3 p 101.
[789] Winbolt p 87.
[790] Winbolt p 85.
[791] VCH volume VI part 3 p 102.
[792] Winbolt p 87.
[793] Winbolt p88.
[794] VCH volume VI part 3 p 101.
[795] Wilbolt p88.
[796] VCH volume VI part 3 p 98.
[797] Rackham O p.
[798] VCH volume VI part 3 p.108.
[799] Birch R. p.8.
[800] Winbolt pp.104 &109.
[801] VCH volume VI part 3 p.98.
[802] VCH volume VI part 3 p.98.
[803] Winbolt p.89.
[804] VCH volume VI part 3 p.98.
[805] VCH volume VI part 3 p.102.
[806] Winbolt p.90.
[807] Taken from un-sourced notes in Museum file.
[808] Albery Millennium.p.408.
[809] VCH volume VI part 3 p 101-3.
[810] VCH volume VI part 3 p 101-3.
[811] Winbolt p.9.1
[812] HMS Sp 13.3
[813] See Mini Essay at end re Cox H. and Metcalfe S. “The role of Networks in the early development of the Borneo Company Limited”
[814] VCH volume VI part 3.
[815] West Sussex County Times 31.1.1931.
[816] West Sussex County Times 6.11.1931 reporting on the Curator’s report.
[817] Museum Register 26 September 1931.
[818] Today such gender stereotyping might seem questionable and there were undoubtedly Victorian female explorers – see Girdle Round the Earth by Atkins, and Lady Blunt as a local example.
[819] Clark A. The Real Alice p.179.
[820] Note the ‘e’ has now been lost: Sedgwick, rather than Sedgwick.
[821] Clark A p.180 my italics.
[822] Gordon Colin. 1982 Beyond the looking Glass Reflections of Alice and her Family Hodder and Stoughton p.179-180.
[823] Diplomat and historian, entered Japanese Consular Service as student interpreter in 1861, minister plenipotentiary, Tokyo 1895-1900, minister Peking 1900-06, he was one of the outstanding diplomats of his age; he died in 1929 – see DNB.
[824] Information from DNB Online.
[825] Country Life 4 May 1901. Country Homes Gardens Old and New – Sedgwick Park Horsham, the seat of Mrs. Henderson p 560-567 photocopy in Museum file.
[826] West Sussex County Times Obituary notice. This and the correspondence quoted above from Horsham Museum file.
[827] Country Life (1942) 5 June & 12 June Sedgwick Park, Horsham the Home of Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Abbey p.108.
[828] B. P. Martin (1997) Tales of the Old Countrywoman David and Charles p.49 & p.56.
[829] DNB Online.
[830] Pers com. R. Toovey.
[831] W. Bennett 1994 “Dispute leaves Alice’s idyll at weather’s mercy” The Independent 14February.
[832] B. Slyfield & A. R. Turner (2006) The Story of Sedgwick (n.p) This booklet came out towards the completion of the history. It contains a number of interesting photographs and illustrations but doesn’t alter the story set out above. It does provide much information on post-Henderson ownership and contains a personal narrative and reflection by the current owners, Mr and Mrs Davison who published the account.
[833] Cox H. & Metcalfe S. (1997) “The Role of Networks in the early development of the Borneo Company Limited” Centre for International Business, in 1997 vol 7.
[834] As above p.3.
[835] As above p.18.
[836] As above p.21.
[837] Cox H. & Metcalfe S. (1997) “The Role of Networks in the early development of the Borneo Company Limited” Centre for International Business, in 1997 vol 7.p.24.
[838] As above p.28.
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