[1 – Preface] Cohen and Major 2004 History in Quotations p xxii.
[1] Hurst (1889) p201 For a short biography on Pilfold Medwin see Djabri S. C. Pilfold Medwin. In 2006 the discovery of a previously-unknown Shelley pamphlet/poem, “Poetical Essay on the Existing State of Things”, with Pilfold Medwin’s name on it, made his name better known).
[2] See Albery (1927) Parl. Hist.
[3] The rink was owned by the Hurst family, opened each day 11am-1pm, 2.30pm-5pm and 7-10pm. It lay behind 3 Queen Street – see Northcott A. (1988) Popular Entertainment in Horsham 1880-1930 Field and Furrow Books Horsham. p 5.
[4] Albery (1927) p 483-490.
[5] VCH 138. The book was first published in 1877 and by 1891 had gone through five editions. George F. Chambers (1841-1915) was a barrister by profession but also a talented and prolific author on astronomy, publishing his first book when 19 years old. He wrote on politics, law, religion, travel topography and local history. See Peter Johnson, ‘George F. Chambers 1841-1915’ in J. British Astronomical Association Vol. 100. 1990 p 13-16.
[6] Interestingly, the creation of a “Continental” streetscape with outdoor cafes was one of the key motives (and motifs) in the late 20th century in the redevelopment of the Carfax.
[7] Note: not what we know as Horsham District, the area created by Local Government reorganisation in 1974 of 204 square miles, but the District of Horsham identified by the area covered by the Local Board.
[8] HMS 2907
[9] See Marsh J. (1982) Back to the land. The Pastoral Impulse in Victorian England 1880-1914 Quartet. London.
[10] Hurst (1889) p 97.
[11] Rose J. (2001). The Intellectual life of the British Working Classes. Page 58.
[12] Rose p58.
[13] Interestingly, this didn’t actually satisfy the literary and scientific impulse. For in 1886 a letter was written to the Parish Magazine asking for support in setting up a literary and scientific society for Horsham, where it was proposed they would “have summer excursions to collect specimens, and study Botany, Geology, Entomology, &c of the neighbourhood, and to devote the winter to reading, and discussion of papers upon literary and scientific subjects. (PM 1886 p 117) Whether it started I don’t know.
[14] Rose 68 who also gives graphic examples of the impact of the book through the memoirs of individuals.
[15] West Sussex County Times 5/1/2007.
[16] South Kensington being the home of the Science and Victoria and Albert Museums, both having a remit to undertake what we today would call outreach and development, promoting knowledge, appreciation and practical work in science and art (applied as well as graphic).
[17] Searle p 140-44.
[18] This defeat had in fact been preceded in 1879 with the Anglo-Zulu wars where Britain had been defeated at Isandhlwana, gaining eventual victory at Ulundi. The defeat led to a jockeying for positions within South Africa, with the pragmatic Victorians drafting a proposal that gave the Boers Transvaal and the Orange Free State under the “suzerainty” of the British Crown, without defining in modern-day parlance what that actually meant. By 1884 this was removed from the agreement which meant in practice that the Boers had freedom to do what they liked in their Republics apart from Foreign affairs. (Saunders and Smith Southern Africa in Oxford History of the British Empire).
[19] Longford (1979) The Pilgrimage of Passion p 172.
[20] Longford 182.
[ 21] Blunt W. S. (1882 ) The future of Islam P VI.
[22] Blunt pIX.
[23] This and previous sections based on Oxford DNB Online.
[24] Longford (1979) The Pilgrimage of Passion.
[25] Rose p 84.
[26] Searle.
[27] See page 28 for a longer extract from the Directory.
[28] Dudley 1836.
[29] Djabri 2003.
[30] Cooper J. quoting Horsham Advertiser 31 December 1874.
[31] Quoted by Cooper.
[32] In 1875 Nooks and Corners of Old Sussex was published, with an address to the President thanking “all the lady stall-holders at the Bazaar in the County Hall, who by their most opportune labours contributed so materially to the successful planting of the School of Science and art in Lewes”.
[33] These visits are covered in more detail below. See Parish Magazine for the year in question.
[34] So-called to describe life before Adam, who for those still tied to Biblical chronology was the first man.
[35] For a fuller discussion on the issues raised here, see Freeman M. (2004) Victorians and the Prehistoric: Tracks to a Lost World. Yale UP London.
[36] Rose p 75-7.
[37] G R Searle (2004) p 121
[38] G.A.N. Lowndes and Brian Simon quoted in Rose p 168.
[39] Paul Thompson quoted in Rose 168.
[40] Rose p 168-172.
[41] Willson.
[42] Based on Searle p 46-55.
[43] PM 1884. p 135 The report later on in the year noted that 91 children came to Horsham from the “back streets” of the East End, without a single case of infectious disease. This was due to the strict medical and sanitary inspection adopted by the central committee. The cost of it was £64 including the “rather heavy charges levied by an uncharitable railway Company”. The children came mainly from board schools so “were drawn from all classes – from the most respectable down to people living in one-room tenements“; that comment alone reveals a lot about how respectability was determined by status of possession rather than character. Interestingly, the report doesn’t mention any misbehaviour by the children but notes that “except in one instance, the committee have been more than satisfied with the treatment which the children received from their entertainers in Horsham“; going on to say that letters have been received from parents praising the “motherly care and extreme kindness bestowed on their little ones.” PM 1884 p177.
[44] It wasn’t, though, until 1903 and 1908 that Parliament prohibited incest for the first time.
[45] Searle 73-4.
[46] In 1885 The Criminal Law Amendment Act, as well as raising the age of consent, criminalised all forms of male homosexual activity, whilst the Contagious Diseases Acts were repealed in 1885. These Acts tried to regulate prostitution in garrison towns but managed to combine moralists who argued the state condoned prostitution, men who disliked the harassment and Josephine Butler and her “Ladies” National Association who denounced the prostitutes having detailed medical examination whilst men got off scot-free. It also gave attention to the fact that many wives were being infected by husbands with venereal diseases.
[47] Images of self as viewed through the camera and clothing.
[48] Searle p 100.
[49] See Rose for a fuller discussion of working class education,
[50] P.J.G. Ransom (1984) The Archaeology of the Transport Revolution 1750-1850 p 102 World’s Work Ltd.
[51] Godfrey J., Leslie K., Zeuner D. (1988) A Very Special County West Sussex County Council The First Hundred Years. W.S.C.C. Chichester. P32-35 At the end of the century Ashurst resident Michael Fairless would give the figure of a roadmender a semi-mystical status at the centre of her phenomenal bestseller The Roadmender.
[52] HMS. SP 218
[53] Searle p 97.
[54] The Sussex Advertiser (Peoples Edition) March 8 1882, from where the following comments are taken.
[55] VCH.
[56] He died on the day of his second wife’s funeral.
[57] Quoted in ONDB online, from where some of the above information comes.
[58] ONDB online.
[59] The following is based on Willson and the extensive correspondence and minutes of the Free Collyer’s Defence League HMS 1109-1115.
[60] The 1802 building was too small and a new one was built on Swan Meadow in 1813 with the old site being sold at auction in 1815.
[61] Mr Frost was also heavily involved in the Mutual Improvement Society which met in the Albion Hall; not surprising really when Mr Frost seems to have been a proponent of its construction.
[62] E. M. Marchant, A short history of the Congregational Church at Horsham Sussex 1800-1950 p 8-10.
[63] Kensett E., History of the Free Christian Church Horsham p 141.
[64] PM 1884 p 15.
[65] PM 1884 70-71.
[66] PM 1884 69-72.
[67] PM 1884 155.
[68] ONDB online Jan 07.
[69] PM 1884.48.
[70] Searle p 541.
[71] This can be seen a hundred years later when in the 1980s and 1990s there was a backlash against quiche in Britain as it was seen as effeminate, true men don’t eat quiche.
[72] Searle p 65.
[73] In 1888 the 7th Sussex Volunteer Corps formed in 1860, which had by now changed its name to the “E” Company, 2nd Volunteer Battalion Royal Sussex Regiment, and its uniform from dark green to scarlet in 1881; numbered 66 men, all ranks in this year were returned efficient. In I887 Major W. E. Hubbard resigned – not before, some 14 years earlier when he was a Captain, he spent £1,700 on the drill hall in Park Street which measured 66ft by 32ft. (Hurst 89 112).
[74] Searle p 66.
[75] Searle p38.
[76] Quoted by Searle p 65.
[77] PM84 p92.
[78] pers com. Adam Hammond Horsham FC email 7.09.06.
[79] PM 1886. 39.
[80] Searle p 377.
[81] PM 1884.157.
[82] PM 1884 135.
[83] PM 1884 214-5.
[84] Hurst 89 p 99.
[85] PM 1884 228.
[86] The unity of common television viewing has only recently been recognised when the diversity of multi-channel television came about. On occasion in the 1970s and early 80s, 26 million people were watching one program
[87] PM 1884 p13
[88] PM 1885 p41.
[89] Hurst 89. p92.
[90] See volume one.
[91] See volume two for further information on this.
[92] Journal of Education. (nd) p 181-189, 380.
[93] Rauch A. 2001 Useful Knowledge, The Victorians, Morality and the March of Intellect p 1.
[94] Rauch p 3.
[95] Rauch p 24
[96] Rauch p 57.
[97] Encyclopaedia Britannica increased in size from three in 1771, to 21 volumes; from 2,670 quarto pages and 160 copperplates to 17,101 pages, and 506 plates by the seventh edition published in 1827.
[98] See J. Rose and E. P. Thompson for further explorations of a complex subject.
[99] The information about the account is taken from Slyfield B. (2007) Stuffing an elephant in Horsham Society Newsletter August 2007 p 64. whilst the pers. Com. was made by Jeremy Adams Natural History Conservator at Booth Museum Brighton to the author in the early 1990s.
[100] PM 1855 283.
[101] “Always associated with the old building will be the name of Roberts, the family that for three generations, from the middle of the last century till the present time, have been custodians of the hall…The custodian’s dress of office was a grand attire, consisting of a blue cloth coat, with red collar, and enormous gilt buttons, broad brimmed tall hat with gilt band, plush breeches, yellow silk stockings and low shoes, ornamented with silver buckles, and it was in this costume that the grandfather of the present John Roberts always appeared, when engaged in his duties.” Hurst 1889 p107.
[102] Hurst 89.p35.
[103] VCH 170.
[104] VCH 170.
[105] Searle.
[106] Hurst 89.35.
[107] VCH 170.
[108] I would like to thank Mr T. Tamplin for providing a copy of the West Sussex County Times article 29 February 1952.
[109] Searle.
[110] PM 86 p 76.
[111] PM86 p78 & 114 the May issue of the Magazine. it was announced that the fund had closed.
[112] PM 86. p78-9.
[113] PM 86 p217.
[114] PM 86. p185.
[115] PM 86. 151.
[116] As the United States policy of today is called “hand up, not hand out”.
[117] PM 86. p13.
[118] Ferguson, N. (1998) The World’s banker The history of the House of Rothschild.
[119] Ferguson p 1034-5.
[120] The following section is based on WILSHER, P. (1970) The pound in your pocket 1870-1970.
London.
[121] The published deposits of London Banks in the early 1870s stood at £120 million, £13 million in Paris, £8 million in Germany and £40 million in New York which was undergoing a post-Civil War boom
[122] Apart from Scotland, which was treated differently, it is The Bank of England, not the Bank of Britain.
[123] Writing this there are such distinct echoes in today’s 1992-2007 boom with the fall in prices of goods through the impact of China, India and Brazil; talk, even, of the end of inflation – though in 2008 the situation is changing.
[124] The Golden Jubilee wasn’t called that at the time: it was a 60th jubilee of the Queen. First suggested on 2 September 1885 in a letter to The Times by Alfred Thomas Townsend, fifth Baron Bray of Leicester. A year later, in October, a statement was made to the house setting out proposals for the event. The Prince of Wales suggested a permanent feature, writing to the Lord Mayor of London: “it appears to me that no more suitable memorial could be suggested than an Institute that should represent the Arts, Manufactures and Commerce of the Queen’s Colonies and Indian Empire”. This, he went on, would educate and illustrate the idea of progress of the Empire and stimulate trade and emigration. This, as it happened, was the same objective as the Indian and Colonial exhibition running in London at the time. The Imperial Institute became the focus of the event. See Jubilee Royal Published by The Commemorative Collectors Society. Spring 1977.
[125] PM 86. 217.
[126] Williams M. (2000) William Albery: His Life and Times. Pt 1. in Horsham Heritage No 1. p 49.
[127] Richard Norman Shaw RA (Edinburgh May 7, 1831 – London November 17, 1912), was the most influential British architect from the 1870s to the 1900s, known for his country houses and for commercial buildings. He trained in the London office of William Burn and with George Edmund Street and attended the Royal Academy classes, receiving a thorough grounding in classicism, and met William Eden Nesfield, with whom he was briefly in partnership. In 1863, after sixteen years of training, he opened a practice, for a short time, with Nesfield. In 1872, Shaw was elected an Associate of the Royal Academy. Shaw was elected to the Royal Academy in 1877, and co-edited (with Sir Thomas Jackson RA) the 1892 collection of essays, Architecture, a profession or an Art? He firmly believed it was an art. In later years, Shaw moved to a heavier classical style which influenced the emerging Edwardian Classicism of the early 20th century. Shaw died in London, where he had designed residential buildings in areas such as Pont Street, and public buildings such as Scotland Yard. His picturesque early country houses avoided the current Neo-Gothic and the academic styles, reviving vernacular materials like half timber and hanging tiles, with projecting gables and tall massive chimneys with “inglenooks” for warm seating. Richard Norman Shaw’s houses soon attracted the misnomer or the “Queen Anne style“. Adapted from Wikipedia (2/8/08).
[128] Information taken from Commemorative Book Tanbridge 1887-1987.
[129] HM 1998.34.
[130] Thomas Honywood was born on 7 October 1819 and died on 5 October 1888.
[131] Djabri S. (2006) Images of England: Horsham. Tempus. P56.
[132] See chapter on Horsham’s photographers.
[133] Djabri 2006 p57.
[134] It has always been assumed, by the author and others, that this refers to Thomas Snr, rather than son, but as the estate had been sold in 1887 it might in fact refer to the son’s collection of his father’s items.
[135] Typescript of the Old Catalogue of Horsham Museum.
[136] Although numerous requests have been made to the Horsham Lodge for information about the Lodge, nothing has been forthcoming.
[137] Hurst 1889. p108.
[138] I would like to thank West Sussex Record Office for allowing me to look at the file.
[139] Letter file p 46.
[140] When roadworks were being undertaken as part of the Town centre redevelopment in 1988/9 blocks of tar-covered wood were found buried in the subsurface. These blocks, it was suggested, were used instead of cobbles to keep road traffic silent or cushioned as it went around the town hall. This, though, assumes that Horsham roads were cobbled and as yet, all evidence, photographs and anecdotal comments show otherwise, though it should not preclude the use of wood to soften the road noise, whilst extending the size of the hall reduced traffic flow to single-lane.
[141] Letter file 111.
[142] Letter file p133.
[143] Letter file 194.
[144] Letter ref 219.
[145] Letter ref. 243.
[146] Godfrey J. Leslie, K. Zeuner D. (1988) A Very Special County West Sussex County Council the First 100 Years. WSCC Chichester p 24.
[147] County Souvenir p 278.
[148] Hurst 89.38.
[149] VCH.
[150] Albery W. (1947) Millennium of Facts… does cover the period in the chronology
[151] Jewell J. & J. (2004) Denne Park at Horsham – a recent research project. Sussex Garden Trust. Republished in HH no 10. p 59-65.
[152] Jewell J. & J.
[153] Hurst. 89. 103-5.
[154] The following information was taken from Pike W.T. (ed.) (1910) Susses in the Twentieth Century contemporary biographies. Pikes’s New century Series. W.T. Pike & Co. 10. Brighton.
[155] In 2007 as this is being written the media is awash with stories about the Pension crisis, whereby there are insufficient funds to pay for people’s pensions. This crisis has been brought about, in part, by the insurance companies using life expectancy rates based on data from the 1970s, not 2000, the last 30 years seeing a dramatic rise in life expectancy.
[156] Sussex County Advertiser 30.08.1892.
[157] 1998.35 Part of the Whitehouse archive.
[158] Oxford DNB Online.
[159] Not all houses were small. Selehurst, designed by Clayton and Black, architects for W. E. Hubbard, was the first large house built by E. Fowler & Sons at a cost of £2384-11-3 on measured basis between 1889-1891. 1993.1210
[160] Sussex County Advertiser15.11 1890.
[161] Sussex County Advertiser 6.12 1890.
[162] Note this is different from the account given by Frank Holmes, who based his on the minutes. Apart from the minor changes the main difference concerns the grant of land by Mr Hurst. According to the newspaper he had granted it in December, but according to Mr Holmes and the minutes of the committee meeting of February 1891, when “Important news came at this meeting by letter from Mr R N (H) Hurst in which he offered a site for the hospital.” He goes on to state that three sites were suggested by Mr Hurst; one in Crawley Road and two in Hurst Road. The committee selected one site; the north side of Hurst Road, when Mr Hurst offered a larger site opposite Richmond Road together with option to buy the two cottages for £200. By 5 March they had changed the previous decision and bought the cottages for £200. But that was in 1891.
[163] The Act “empowered medical officers of health to quarantine those suffering from specific contagious diseases, such as smallpox, in special isolation hospitals”. Porter 421, as for the confusion over roles, Kelly’s Directory of 1892 identifies Edward Kinneir as medical Officer of Health employed by the Local Board, whilst Dr Kelley was the medical officer for the rural Sanitary Authority, who lived in Worthing, unlike Kinneir who lived at Gordon House, Horsham.
[164] Radbourne Horsham Heritage no 1 2000, p 410/l1.
[165] Porter p414.
[166] VCH.
[167] The death rate of Horsham was discussed at the Burial Board meeting reported on in the local paper for 16 July 1892 when it was noted that the “present cemetery was opened in June 1881; there had been 1,345 internments, averaging 122 a year. There were only 204 spaces left on the consecratedside,though the unconsecrated side was not more than half full.” The Chairman, Mr. Thorp, suggested that some of this land should be consecrated, but the decision was left open for further discussion.
[168] Porter 396.
[169] Andrew Mearns’s Bitter Cry of Outcast London, quoted in Porter p 400.
[170] Simon Eleventh Annual Report 1868 porter p 414.
[171] Porter 426.
[172] Porter 427.
[173] The Horsham Advertiser 1888. The enquiry also heard from Mr Sadler, the Clerk to the Local Board, the following reply to the question “is it common land0?” – Mr Sadler replied that it was part of the manor of Roffey, which had been granted by the Duke of Norfolk as an open space. It was not a thoroughfare, but was covered annually with fair carts, from whom tolls were collected. It was conveyed to the Local Board under special conditions in 1887 and it held freehold of it.
[174] Knight J. (1996) Horsham its History 947-1990.
[175] Drawing in museum’s collections.
[176] County Advertiser 1892 30 January.
[177] County Advertiser 1892 29 March.
[178] The short story was the fifth one written by Doyle featuring Holmes written by May 1891 though not published till November – Lycett A. (2007). Conan Doyle The Man who Created Sherlock Holmes Weidenfield & Nicolson. London.
[179] Anderson P. & McKenna K. (2007) West Sussex Literary Trail p 4. See Lycett above for a fuller account of the Hornung/Doyle relationship.
[180] At the time of writing this, March 2007, the chapel has just been pulled down and a new modern one is being built on the site.
[181] The drug was freely-available prior to the 1868 Pharmacy Act which restricted the sale of opium to professional pharmacists. The wonder-drug of the early nineteenth century was finally being recognised as a dangerously addictive substance, although the interests of imperial traders kept it legal for another five decades, until the Dangerous Drugs Act was passed in 1920. This Act made it illegal to possess opiates without a doctor’s prescription. http://www.qub.ac.uk/english/imperial/india/opium.htm.
[182] In the 1891 Kelly’s Directory published in 1890 it notes that the company “bred, on a large scale, Jersey, Shorthorn, Kerry, Red-polled, Montgomery, Sussex and Swiss cattle; Tamworth, Berkshire and Sussex pigs; Southdown sheep; and poultry”. P 2254.
[183] Allan G.A.T. (1984) Christ’s Hospital revised by J.E. Morpurgo Town and County Books London p.10
[184] Allan p 69.
[185] Allan p 69.
[186] Allan p 71.
[187] Willson p 149.
[188] Allan p 71.
[189] Allan p73.
[190] Daunton M. (2001) Trusting Leviathen the Politics of Taxation 1799-1914 Cambridge p210-14.
[191] This shows the degree to which these areas of Horsham were still under-developed.
[192] Wilson p150.
[193] The local newspaper reported the purchase noting that a special committee had been appointed, viewed the site and obtained an architect’s report which identified how the school could be altered and drained, also valuing the property at £2,570; Mr Lintott suggested £2,500 should be offered to Collyer’s School governors, subject to the Educational Department approving it. See also Willson p 149.
[194] In fact the boys would be boarders rather than commuters, so the 7-platform station built at Stammerham/Christ’s Hospital station in expectation of increased traffic wasn’t required.
[195] Horsham Advertiser 18 June 1892.
[196] Holmes F. (1980 ) Horsham Cottage Hospital p 14.
[197] Holmes p19.
[198] Holmes p 14.
[199] Rule 21.
[200] Rule 16 & 17.
[201] Holmes p 15.
[202] Radbourne p 42.
[203] Horsham Advertiser 2 Sept.1893.
[204] Rule 22.
[205] Rule 20 Holmes F. p14.
[206] Pers com. the owner of the property who, in undertaking some building work, found a folded-up piece of paper in the structure with a 1900 date.
[207] Willson p190.
[208] Sussex Express Surrey Standard 30 July 1892,
[209] I am not sure of the position of Charity Law at this time; it may be that the Mercers had to maximize the income from the sale, but as they were providing money for a new school that condition might have been waived.
[210] Willson p 139.
[211] Willson states that the final scheme as approved in 1889, and that outlined in 1861 by Mr Hare and the vicar, were quite similar, but in the intervening gap, by holding out, “Collyer’s School had given free primary education to hundreds of boys at a time when the local Board School faced difficulty of providing for a township whose population rose from 7,000 to 10,000” (Willison 149), but if the school only took in 10 or so pupils a year as new intake, then only 300 Horsham students received this free education, not the 100s, and the Board Schools would only have had to find space for 80 pupils initially, something that it could do as explained in the fracas with the Church in 1882.
[212] County Advertiser June 18th 1892.
[213] See Dunbar C. (1976) A Bibliography of Shelley Studies 1823-1950, who recounts through reviews and publications of his work how Shelley myth came about. The radical element of Shelley went underground, circulating amongst the left-wing radicals and working class readers. This point was made in an account of the celebrations by G. B Shaw, who attended both Horsham and the London East End festivities.
[214] PM 1892 p 281.
[215] West Sussex County Times 1892. 6 August.
[216] It might be worth recording that in 1992 the amount spent by the Museum on buying first and early editions of Shelley’s works for the exhibition was around £10,000, for which the Museum received a number of grants.
[217] For example, the wedding dress, to the non-participant, is just that: a wedding dress – but to the person attending that service the wedding dress contains memories, (The term ‘fetish’ in today’s society is seen as overtly sexual simply because certain objects have been loaded with sexual connotations, but within the world of material culture and disciplines such as anthropology, archaeology and ethnography it is commonly used)
[218] Godfrey et.al. p45.
[219] Photocopy held in museum archives.
[220] Kelly’s Directory 1890 p 2253 “The annals of Horsham are devoid of much interest”.
[221] Willson p151.
[222] PM 1893. 182.
[223] PM 1893. 185.
[224] PM 1893. 187.
[225] VCH (1907) Vol 2. p 423.
[226] Willson p 153.
[227] Willson.
[228] PM 1893 p186.
[229] See above and Kelly’s Directory for 1892.
[230] Reports of Free Christian Church p21.
[231] P 22.
[232] P 22.
[233] Museum Report 1894 p 21.
[234] Knight J (2001) HH3 p 43.
[235] Knight J. (2000) HH 1p11-19.
[236] 13 November 1894.
[237] Robert Lowe, the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, said on passing the 1867 Reform Act that we “have to educate our masters”.
[238] Searle.
[239] This, though, had started to change in the 18th century as noted by Hume in 1766 – see Habakkuk J. (1994) Marriage, Debt, and the Estates System English Landownership 1650-1950. Clarendon Press Oxford, for a full account of this process.
[240] John Innes is better remembered today for the compost; he was a successful property and land developer who at his death in 1904 set up a horticultural research institution which opened in 1910.
[241] Sussex Express 26 October 1895.
[242] Anon (1965) The Story of Rice Brothers of Horsham in Sussex. Np. The following information is taken from their souvenir publication.
[243] As above.
[244] HMS 2908A.
[245] Local Paper 9 March 1895.
[246] HMS 2908A.
[247] Local paper 25Dec 1894.
[248] Local paper 1 June 1895.
[249] Local press 1895 21 May & 5 June.
[250] Local Press 1895 13August.
[251] Local Press 1895 1 Oct.
[252] Local press 17 Dec 1895.
[253] Local Press 13 Aug 1895.
[254] Local Press 10 Aug 1895.
[255] Local Press 13 Aug 1895.
[256] VCH.
[257] Allen G. A. T. Revised version p 75.
[258] Smith N. (1997) A Record Reign. Account taken from the West Sussex Gazette.
[259] A copy of the programme was given to the museum by F. Cramp, who found it in her father’s effects (Mr C. W. Cramp) in February 2008. I am most grateful for the donation of this and other records.
[260] Smythe I. (1977) “The Jubilee of Empire” in Jubilee Royal The Commemorative Collectors Society Long Eaton. Np.
[261] Taken from notes made by Ashton Stray – Clerk to HDC.HMMS 5485.11.
[262] HMMS 2908.
[263] VCH.
[264] Smith & Djabri 2002.
[265] Horsham’s Savings Bank, established in the early 19th century, was still going strong, but it was more a mutual help, than commercial.
[266] Quoted from the testimonial.
[267] Steaming Summer 1999 p 147.
[268] Willson p 157.
[269] Willson 190.
[270] Hull (2004) HH no 10. P 29-31.
[271] Mitchell J. (2003) HH no 8 p52-56.
[272] Ashton Stray notes MS 5485.11.
[273] The first Act of Parliament concerning cremation was the Cardiff Corporation Act, 1894: section 71 of this Act empowered the Corporation to establish a crematorium in its cemetery. Between then and 1902, four other similar local Acts were passed. In 1902, Parliament passed the Cremation Act, 1902, the first general Cremation Act. It repealed all the previously passed local Acts. Since then Parliament has passed one other Cremation Act, the Cremation Act, 1952. Both general Acts are still in force, though they have been amended. Since 1902, Parliament has also passed several local Cremation Acts. Cremation Society of Great Britain Web site .June 2007.
[274] HMS 2805.
[275] See Lock R. Zulu Vanquished – it was he who negotiated Price Hamu KapMpande’s defection to the British side. He was also a political officer working with No 4 Column under Evelyn Wood. V.C.
[276] McLeod also knew well J. G. Millais who in 1899 would move to Compton’s Brow – see J. G. Millais Wandering’s and Memories for an account of MacLeod.
[277] ODNB online 2005.
[278] Djabri 2002 p10 & VCH 130 – which give conflicting dates.
[279] VCH 141.
[280] The election became known as the khaki election partly because, in the year preceding the Boer War, the British Army started to change its uniforms to khaki and by the end of the war the uniform of choice was a slouch hat, drab tunic and trousers, with the obvious danger of shiny buttons being realised.
[281] Northcott A. (1988) Popular entertainment in Horsham 1880-1930 p10.
[282] Oxford History of British Empire.
[283] The scroll was illuminated by W. B. Pratt of Newgate Street London.
[284] Saunders C. & Smith I. R. p 618 in OUP History of British Empire.
[285] The museum has in its collections part of a human skull which was polished on the edge, picked up from the battlefield. The museum also has three Mahdist tunics worn by the priestly class that inspired the Dervishes.
[286] ONDB online.
[287] Watson J. P. N. (1988). Millais: Three generations in Nature Art and Sport. The Sportsman’s Press. London. p116.
[288] Watson 151.
[289] Which was published in the year he settled in Horsham, 1899. By 1899 he had published Game Birds and Shooting Sketches (1892), A Breath of the Veldt (second ed in 1895), British Deer and their Horns, (1897), The Life and Letters of Sir John Everett Millais (1899).
[290] Watson p74.
[291] Watson p76-7.
[292] Watson p 80.
[293] His eldest son, Geoffrey, had died of wounds in 1918. Watson quoting The Times Obituary p 165
[294] Watson p 128.
[295] See volume 4, forthcoming, for an account of Millais’ wartime exploits. The museum bought both volumes in January 2008 with the help of the Friends of Horsham Museum.
[296] Watson 116 & 7.
[297] Watson p 96.
[298] Personal recollection and Horsham Museum Society (1901) Annual Report p5.
[299] Watson p 151.
[300] The following is based primarily on Daunton M. (2001) Trusting Leviathan the Politics of Taxation 1799-1914. Cambridge U.P.
[301] Daunton p258.
[302] Volume 2 chapters 13,14,15.
[303] Volume 2 Chapter 16.
[304] 265
[305] 265
[306] 268
[307] See chapter in this volume.
[308] 269.
[309] 270.
[310] Albery (1929) Parliamentary History. p 432.
[311] P 270.
[312] This debate is still going strong today with “Public Sector Borrowing Requirements” being an oft-quoted phrase, whilst the Government’s financial initiative, the PFI, is used to circumvent such problems, loading debt onto future generations.
[313] P274.
[314] 298
[315] p300
[316] P301
[317] p301
[318] Photocopy of railway instruction held in Museum archive.
[319] VCH 177.
[320] VCH 199.
[321] VCH 175.
[322] See Pikes Directory.
[323] This is Arial – a sans serif font, whilst this Times New Roman is serif – it has the line at bottom of certain letters.
[324] See elaborations at end of chapter for text of the brochure.
[325] In 1875 Northcote’s Local Loans Act … insisted on loans of thirty years, confined to permanent works approved by the LGB (Local Government Board) for the proper execution of statutory powers, and secured by a mortgage on revenues…In the 1890s capital exports fell and interest rates were low. Local authorities were therefore able to secure loans on favourable terms, incurring new expenditure and replacing old loans on better terms…In 1889/90, loans accounted for 10.9 per cent of the total income of local authorities in England and Wales; the proportion rose to 23.3 per cent by 1904/5 – thus enabling the new local government bodies to borrow and invest, e.g. Horsham sewage works. Daunton M. 279-280.
[326] Daunton p 284.
[327] Daunton p282-5.
[328] Searle p 615-620.
[329] Originally I had intended to write “use of knowledge”, but the actual knowledge held by the computer is no different from the knowledge held in a book, and that use is down to the individual. See The Renaissance Computer: Knowledge Technology in the First Age of Print by Neil Rhodes.
[330] Holmes F. G. p31
[331] Daunton 272-5.
[332] The County had obtained funding for technical education from the Government, who in 1890 had set aside “tax revenue originally earmarked to compensate brewers and publicans for forfeited liquor licences; intense temperance pressure eventually forced the government to abandon these licensing proposals”, so this funding was known as “whiskey money” (Searle p 329). However, if the school board had funded a higher-grade school the Cockerton judgement of 1901 would have declared such funding illegal. This meant that the Government, which was tied up with the Boer War, had to rush through emergency legislation as a stopgap measure to provide funding for a year to keep the schools going and, in turn, come up with new legislation.
[333] Searle 329-34.
[334] VCH 202 according to E. M. Marchant, “the school was not in the board of Education List of Recognised secondary schools. It was necessary therefore to obtain official recognition of the secondary status of the school” (p 5) when she arrived in 1921.
[335] Marchant E. M. (1954) Horsham High School for Girls.
[336] The West Sussex & Chichester Joint Education Committee year book for 1909-10. p 121 – see below for further accounts from this book.
[337] Marchant p 4.
[338] Godfrey et al p 41.
[339] VCH 220.
[340] Willson p 156.
[341] WSCT 1904 FEB 27.
[342] The following information is based on research undertaken for the exhibition Made from Sussex Stock, which was based on the Whitehouse archive given to Horsham Museum by Mrs Whitehouse in 1998.
[343] The construction of the offices, which included toilets, wasn’t drawn up by the Council Surveyor, but by the Council’s Electrical Engineer Mr J. B. Morgan, even though none of the work involved electrical engineering, whereas the Council Surveyor, Mr R. Renwick, drew up the specification and plans for the drainage works.
[344] There was after all no mention of the phased development in the commemorative brochure; perhaps it was felt that the staff could use the waterwork facilities, but that proved impracticable.
[345] Taken from historical notes produced at the opening of the Waterworks. However, the Memoirs of the Geological Survey: The water supply of Sussex, produced in 1911, make no reference to this borehole; mention is made of the following: “Waterworks Park terrace East 1902-4 Well 74 feet, the rest bored. Tubbed to 477 feet down, the bottom 100 feet of tubing perforated. Abandoned as unsuccessful. Little water got from the upper measures. Some found at about 190 feet down, but the bed of lignite at 195 feet contaminated the supply, and the remainder of the boring yielded no water that would rise into the well.…New borehole, made on account of the failure of the above 1903…178 feet above Ordinance Datum. Shaft 72 feet, brick and concrete floor, 3 feet, the rest borehole. Water-level, at commencement of pumping 134 feet above Ordnance Datum during winter-months and about 127 in summer: at cessation of pumping varies considerably, according to the amount and rate of pumping. The well and headings if pumped out would fill, to rest-level, in about 8 hours. Yield 4,000 gallons an hour.”
[346] HMS 2920.
[347] Recently the author was informed that effort was spent in rescuing the grand piano, but letting the paintings by Holbein and Vandyke burn – unfortunately the papers of the day don’t allude to this; it might be more apocryphal rather than the truth, but what the paper does record is that “Superintendent Byrne from Horsham and several constables arrived and succeeded in saving many oil paintings, and a quantity of plate, but in the library some valuable oil paintings by Holbein and Vandyke were destroyed.” It is stated however that the oil paintings of ancestors were preserved
[348] Godfrey J. et al (1988) p 45.
[349] Tamplin T. C. (2001) Horsham Heritage No 3 p 55.
[350] Searle 341-5.
[351] He did however write three volumes of autobiographical accounts of his political life.
[352] Horsham was abolished in 1918, becoming Horsham and Worthing until 1945 when Horsham was re-created.
[353] Marshall P. H. (1984) William Godwin Yale U P New Haven & London.
[354] ONDB online Edward Turnour January 2007.
[355] See Stamp G. “ We Shape our Buildings and Afterwards Our Buildings Shape Us”: Sir Giles Gilbert Scott and the Rebuilding of the House of Commons in Riding C. & Riding J. (eds) (2000) The Houses of Parliament History Art Architecture .Merrell Publishers Limited. London.
[356] See ONDB for a full account on Evan Daniel.
[357] Rev. Marshall – see volume 2.
[358] Godfrey p 41.
[359] Williams M. HH no 1 p 49.
[360] This word was invented by American Management books that noted this characteristic amongst some of the labour force in the 1980s and 90s – the desire to be seen in the office all the time, though not actually doing any meaningful work.
[361] The Fairground Heritage Trust website 18.10.07, and Barlow S (2006) Horsham Streets Tempus.
[362] Djabri. S. (2007) John Albery – the Black Sheep of the Family .HH no 16. p3-24, whilst William Albery had been in correspondence with the Brown family, John Brown, the radical mentioned in Volume 2; son Flint Browne had emigrated to California. HMS 806.
[363] Horsham Heritage Vol 11 p 55.
[364] Godfrey p32-5.
[365] Knight 2004 II 11 p 68.
[366] Daunton M. P. 280
[367] Searle 543-9.
[368] Searle 548.
[369] The election was fought on some apparently strange issues, and none more strange than the Chinese question. Having resolved the Boer War, the Government wanted the Crown to establish its dominance in the Transvaal by encouraging mass influx of British settlers in the Rand. This would only happen if the Gold mines could go back to full production. Unfortunately there weren’t the “Kaffir” labourers, as they had fled during the war, so Milner, then in charge of South Africa, called for indentured Chinamen to work as unskilled labourers. Chamberlain, sensing the political fallout, vetoed it, but was overruled and on 10 February 1904 Chinese Labour Ordinance was passed. Almost immediately the white miners, angry at cheap Asian labour, complained, as did some trade unionists at home. The biggest complaint though was the moral one, arguing that it was nothing more than Chinese slavery, men forced to live together in compounds without womenfolk, which also drew sexual implications. If that wasn’t enough, Milner before he returned from South Africa in 1905 allowed overseers to flog the Chinese labourers, an illegal act. In 1906 Election Liberals issued posters of manacled Chinamen, which hit both targets: those who felt sorry for the Chinese and those who disliked them.[1] The question to ask, although a national question, is: what relevance did the issue have to Horsham? The answer is very little and it might be for that reason the Liberals in Horsham failed to win the seat. The country as a whole swung behind the Liberals, Horsham stayed Conservative; nationally the Liberals won 400 seats, the Unionists (Conservatives) 157. With such a mandate they had the desire to see change, though the unelected Conservative House of Lords still had power to mangle the bills.
[370] The Times 27February 1899.
[371] C. P. Sanger quoted in Daunton p 302.
[372] Daunton 361
[373] (Mauton quoting PRO T171/18 paper on trade by Sir George Pish. P 362.
[374] HMS 2001.876,4.
[375] Including Stan Parsons, George Coomber, Frank Holmes.
[376] Morton p 26 quoted in ONDB online. 2006.
[377] Northcott p 20.
[378] The first known animated pictures shown at Horsham were at the Kings Head Assembly Rooms on the 25-26 November 1896 and the following year during Horsham Carnival on August Bank Holiday Monday in Springfield Meadow (2 August 1897) Eyles et al p150.
[379] N. Ferguson; Empire 2003.
[380] Furgison N. 288
[381] Furgison N. P. 259
[382] Later it became Rice’s motor showroom – the United Reformed Church occupies the space. (Cinema in West Sussex 139).
[383] Northcott p21.
[384] Northcott p 21.
[385] Searle 107.
[386] WSRO HUDC. 21/1/2 letter dated 17 December 1887.
[387] Letter no 123.
[388] Letter no 126.
[389] Letter no 139.
[390] Letter no 160.
[391] WSRO HUDC HO/ 24/36 packet of letters relating to Weighing.
[392] The West Sussex & Chichester Joint Education Committee Year Book for 1909-10. P66-69.
[393] P.14
[343] p18
[395] p158-160
[396] p166
[397] P26
[398] P 22
[399] 28
[400] P.21
[401] P23
[402] The following is based on an article by Short, Reed & Caudwell (1987). The County of Sussex in 1910: Sources for a new Analysis – Sussex Arch Collections 125 199-224.
[403] The 1873 ‘New Doomsday’ of land ownership had shown the extent to which the land of Britain was dominated by large owners. In Sussex 25 per cent of the landowners held 97 per cent of the land area, and 20 per cent of Sussex was owned by the 11 great landowners of 10,000a. or more, headed by Lord Leconfield at Petworth with 30,221a.” Short et.al.
[404] It is said 10% were owned and 90% rented.
[405] Horsham Poster Collection 1998. 1411
[406] Horsham Museum Poster 1998.1583
[407] Horsham Museum Poster 1999.110
[408] Horsham Museum 1999.111
[409] Searle p 108
[410] Searle 109.
[411] Albery Millennium.
[412] In February 2008.
[413] By 1900 there were over 360 different kinds of biscuit baked by nationally known firms such as Carr, Peek Frean, Huntley and Palmer etc.; biscuits aimed at specific markets. Winstanley p124.
[414] Quoted in Winstanley p 59
[415] Winstanley 94-100
[416] If you think that it is an issue that only really affected other towns a closely-printed handbill addressed “To the inhabitants of Horsham and its vicinity” which, unfortunately, is undated, suggests otherwise. It starts: “In consequence of the recent determination of Messers Agate and Stepney, Thorp, and Angus, to keep their Shops open until nine o’clock, during the Summer Months, the Assistants have again ventured to appeal to the god sense, and right feeling of the Public.
The linen Drapers of Horsham having before shown themselves anxious to promote the health and recreation of their young men, it is evident the only motive for this alteration, is the supposed accommodation of the Public. The principle, that the amount and remuneration of labour are regulated by general laws, which cannot be safely interfered with, has often been supposed to justify the late hours, which the Shop-keeper has adopted. But it must be evident to everyone, that the prospect of an hour’s leisure will be a sufficient stimulus to get the same amount of work done in the lesser time. It is said of Assistants that they are a dissipated class…The mechanic whose day’s labour ceases at six o’clock, has every inducement to improve his mind….When the privilege of leisure is granted to them, it will be contrary to all human experience, if they do not improve, and better qualify themselves for their important station in society. Our Continental neighbours, call us a “nation of Shopkeepers,” this may be a reproach, while we are nothing else, but we can make it a title of honour, if we are, “enlightened Shop-keepers”. It is gratifying to find the idea gaining ground, among the Grocers, that their hours of business may be curtailed, with the advantage to all parties. In conclusion, the Public are earnestly requested to visit the Shops before seven o’clock in the Winter and eight in the Summer, as all persons going later thereby express themselves opposed to earlier hours.” According to Burstow (Albery?) up to 1845 shops had opened till 9 at night during the summer and 8 in the winter; “After that year, by general agreement they closed at 8pm in summer and 7pm in winter” (Burstow p16), which suggests that the notice was circulating the town after this agreement, but before the previous arrangement had been forgotten, so possibly around 1850-60. Whatever the period, it does show that opening hours were of an interest, and health of the shop worker was also of an interest to fellow man.
[417] see Winstanley
[418] Winstanley 167-172.
[419] Albery p 170.
[420] Albery W. 1935 The leather trade’s review 27 Nov 1935.
[421] See Volume 1.
[422] West Sussex County Times.
[423] Bought by the museum for £80 in 1998, a copy was not in the Albery archive.
[424] Searle
[425] Burstow p 4
[426] This notion was perpetuated by the Romantic movement in the early 19th century and would be exported to India under the promotion of Ghandi, who ended up wearing hand-woven khadi; see L. Trivedi (2007) Clothing Gandhi’s Nation Homespun and Modern India Indiana University Press.
[427] Today in 2007 one of the publishing sensations of the last decade has been The Big Issue newspaper, enabling vendors to keep all monies raised apart from the actual cost of the newspaper – such sellers are the near destitute – Burstow’s book is in many respects an earlier example of this.
[428] HMS 915, 917.
[429] Museum Society Annual Report. 1910.
[430] Museum Society Annual Report. 1913.
[431] Review of The Break Up of the Poor Law; being the Minority Report of the Poor Law Commission in The American Political Science Review.
[432] Shepherd J. (2002) George Landsbury; At the heart of old Labour Oxford University Press p 71.
[433] The two cinemas, Central Picture Hall/Winter Gardens, North Street (Corner of Linden Road).
13 Oct 1910. The Central Picture Hall was the county’s first purpose-built cinema, the brainchild of E. Anderson and K. James Jarvis, both from Tonbridge, Kent. The plans were submitted in June 1910 with Jarvis being the builder and manager, with his wife becoming the manager in 1920 whilst Anderson and C. Green provided the funds. The building was steel-framed, clad in corrugated iron, with the walls partly covered in green fire-proof asbestos. The screen, street end of the cinema, was made of solid asbestos some 12ft by 9ft. It seated 250 on wooden benches. There were three evening performances – except Sunday, at 6pm, 7.30 and 9pm, with admission costing 3d 4d or 6d. By January 1911 the cinema showed continuous films from 6-10pm. In 1911 the cinema increased seating by a further 70 and a sloping floor was introduced. In October 1911 The Carfax Electric Theatre opened. It was entered through the alley at the side of the Stout House and had a small sign suspended over the pavement – plans for a 40 ft long hall were submitted in June 1911 by the brewers King and Barnes but the cinema was established by two brothers, Philip and Charles Bingham. It charged the same as the Central (Cinema in Sussex).
[434] Albery: this is open to debate and may be dependent on how closure is defined; it might have been 1912.
[435] VCH. Vol.6 pt 2. p 176.
[436] F.G. Aldsworth (1983) A prefabricated cast iron-building at Brighton Road, Horsham, West Sussex. In Sussex Archaeological Collections. Vol. 121. p 173-182.
[437] The Duke of Norfolk was at this time looking at encroachments on the common, see volume 1.
[438] This account is based on ONDB 2006.
[439] Pers. Com. G. Slyfield, whose son B. Slyfield drew the author’s attention to Hammond Innes attending the school.
[440] HM 1998.2960.
[441] The March from Edinburgh to London saw 6 women in total complete it, of which at least two became founding members of the Corps.
[442] Crawford E. ( 1999) The Women’s Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928, Entry on Margaret Byham Women’s Library Ref code. GB0106 7 /MBY.
[443] Searle p 456-470.
[444] In 1885 William Stead and Bramwell Booth of the Salvation Army joined together to expose child prostitution. In July 1885, Stead purchased Eliza Armstrong, a thirteen year-old daughter of a chimney-sweep, to show how easy it was to procure young girls for prostitution. Stead published an account of his investigations in the Pall Mall Gazette entitled Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon. Stead and five others tried for kidnapping a minor and Stead was sent to Holloway Gaol for 3 months. But the publicity it received was so great that Parliament passed the Criminal Law Amendment Act, which raised the age of consent from 13 to 16 and outlawed all homosexual relations as well as stricter legislation against prostitution.
[445] Searle p 564.
[446] HM1996. 2028
[447] Albery Hist. p630.
[448] Sussex County Times 8.07.1905.
[449] The following is based on S. Bennett (1987). How to buy photographs. Phaidon (Christies. Oxford).
[450] Mayhew p220 .
[451] Mayhew p214
[452] Hist of Photography p52
[453] Frizot M. (ed) ( 1998) A New History of Photography Konemann Koln. The following three quotes are taken from the author’s articles in this work.
[454] Sagne J. (1998) All kinds of Portraits. The photographer’s studio. 102-123.
[455] Amelunxen H. v ((1998) The Century’s Memorial Photography and the recording of History p 130-147.
[456] Heilbrun F. (1998) Around the world. Explorers, travellers, and tourists. P 148-166.
[457] p 55
[458] This section is based on the website photohistory-sussex.co.uk and research by M. Gregory.
[459] I would like to thank Mrs M. Gregory for compiling the list from Pike’s Blue book and Kelly’s.
[460] Quoted by G. Brown in Telegraph 1994.
[461] G. Brown above.
[462] Davies P. 1990 Collecting modern postcards p 22.
[463] Davies P p30.
[464] Davies P 1-68.
[465] Djabri S. (2002) W.S.Russell – a Horsham artist. Horsham Heritage No6. p 51-3.
[466] Marsh J. (1982) Back to the Land. The Pastoral Impulse in Victorian England from 1880 to 1914. Quartet Books. London.
[467] Searle.
[468] O’Hara Patrick (2005) Knowing Hodge: the Third reform Bill and the Victorian Periodical Press in Brake L & Codell J. (eds) Encounters in the Victorian Press: Editors, Authors, Readers Basingstoke. Palgrave Macmillan.
[469] anon (nd) Scenes and Sights in Town and Country: Being descriptive Views of some of the most picturesque places, buildings, &c in the United Kingdom. p 54.
[470] West Sussex County Times 8 July 1918.
[471] Oxford DNB Online. The Lucas family would be involved with the County Council for over a century.
[472] Quoted in Marsh p.5
[473] Bank holidays were first introduced by the Bank Holidays Act of 1871, which designated four holidays in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and five in Scotland. These were Easter Monday, the first Monday in August, 26 December, and Whit Monday (England, Wales and Northern Ireland) and New Year’s Day, Good Friday, the first Monday in May, the first Monday in August, and Christmas Day (Scotland). In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, both Christmas Day and Good Friday were traditional days of rest and Christian worship (as were Sundays) and did not need to be included in the Act. The law makes provision for certain payments to be deferred until the next appropriate day. The measure was primarily due to a campaign by Sir John Lubbock (from 1900 1st Baron Avebury), who campaigned for the rights of shop workers, ensuring the passage of the Act; he also sponsored the Early Closing Act of 1904. The 1871 Act was repealed 100 years later and its provisions incorporated into the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971, which remains the statutory basis for bank holidays. (Dept Trade & Industry Website. May 2007).
[474] Quoted in Marsh p 8.
[475] In 1582 John Rowe was killed by a falling maypole. Slyfield B. (2004) Horsham – A History and Celebration of the Town. Frith Book Company Ltd. Salisbury. P 6.
[476] Marsh 15-16.
[477] Marsh p15.
[478] As I write this the West Sussex County Times has reported that councillors have thrown out the idea of building on one such green, Ramsey Close in Horsham, even though the land was going to be used for low-cost homes (WSCT. 9/3/2007. p 1).
[479] Windrum. P 193 and Albery p 612.
[480] This section is based on Marsh chapter 5.
[481] Marsh p 76.
[482] Marsh 79.
[483] Searle p 608.
[484] Based in part on DNB Oxford Online.
[485] Letter written by T. Wales in 1989 to the Curator.
[486] The following information is taken from Palmer, R. (1983) Folk Songs collected by Ralph Vaughan Williams Dent. London.
[487] Marsh p83.
[488] The general and cultural history of Morris Dancing is explored in Forrest J. (1999) The History of Morris Dancing 1458-1750 James Clark &Co. Ltd. Cambridge.
[489] The following is taken from The Times. Death Notice in The Times Wednesday 17 March. CRANE. On 14th March suddenly at Horsham Walter Crane RWS in his 70th year. Funeral Service at Friday 19th March at Golders Green Crematorium at 10.30 a. m. Friends please accept this the only intimation.
Letter to The Times Thursday March 25th.
Sir,
On Friday morning last the late Mr Walter Crane’s funeral took place at Golders Green. A representative gathering of his brother-artists was assembled there to pay their last tribute of admiring affectionate regard. From that original and singular brain there is for us alas! No more work to come. But Crane will not be forgotten. When by-and-by, the history of English art during the last 40 years comes to be written, in that critical record his name will stand out prominently; as already it has so stood in the estimation of artists generally, and the art-loving public at home and abroad. But at the moment, in the generation that knew Walter Crane personally, there are, we feel sure, many who would recognise it as most becoming that, if possible, his ashes should be finally laid to rest beneath the roof of St Paul’s, or, at least, that space for some memorial of him should there be found, where the names of not a few of our representative artists are reverently recorded. It is because in this matter that we are giving expression not merely to our own sentiment, but to that of large number of art-workers and of the public generally that we should be grateful if you could find space in your columns for the insertion of this brief letter.
We are Sir, your obedient servants,
Edward S Prior.
Alfred Parsons. (1847-1920 RA, RI, PRWS).
Ernest Newton.
H R Hope-Pinker.
Selwyn Image.
Report in The Times, Friday March 26th. THE LATE MR WALTER CRANE.
We understand that the request for the interment of the ashes of the late Mr Walter Crane in St Paul’s Cathedral, which was foreshadowed by a letter we published yesterday has not yet been formally made to the Dean and Chapter, who, would, however, be inclined to deprecate it, as the space available for burial is extremely small. A request for a memorial tablet to be placed in the crypt would receive consideration.
[490] Based on DNB Oxford Online.
[491] Quoted in Marsh p6.
[492] A number of sites on the Web give examples of the Socialist Scouts.
[493] Sparrow G. (nd) (1931?) The Crawley & Horsham Hunt. Alludes to this when he opens his account of the hunt with “ In tracing the History of a Hunt…the scent gets fainter the further you go. p 1.
[494] Sporting Magazine Vol. XLI February 1813 Sparrow p 22.
[495] The Sporting Magazine Vol XV 1824 written by N S- Nim South – Surtees of Handley Cross fame. Sparrow p 22.
[496] Sporting Magazine Vol XIX March 1827 Sparrow p 28.
[497] Sporting Magazine XXI March 1828 Sparrow p 1828.
[498] The Sporting Magazine Vol XXV December 1829 Sparrow p 24-28.
[499] The Sporting Magazine Vol 31. 13 March 1833 Sparrow p42; according to the letter it is 10 March 19 but it was published on 13 March 13; perhaps the account dates from 1832.
[450] The Sporting Magazine Vol 31 1832. Sparrow p 42.
[451] Sparrow p10
[452] Sparrow p6
[453] Sparrow p8
[454] VCH (1907) Vol 2 p 448.
[455] Dixon W. S. (1932)) The Crawley and Horsham Hunt. The Hunts Association. London. p 12-17.
[456] Parish Magazine 1885. p13.
[457] Knight J. HH no 11,
[458] I was asked to give a talk on Geoffrey Sparrow to the Geoffrey Sparrow Club which is strongly linked to the Crawley and Horsham Hunt when it was announced a contribution would be made by the Hunt to the C.A.
[459] Personally witnessed.
[460] VCH (1907) Vol 2. p 449.
[461] Dr K Crieves (2001) Rural parish churches and the bereaved in Sussex after the First World War, Sussex Archaeological Collections, Sussex Archaeological Society
[462] Habakkuk J. 9(1994) Marriage, Debt and the Estates System: English landownership 1650- 1950. Oxford. U.P.
[463] p624
[464] p624
[465] See Djabri S. & Knight J (2000) Shelley’s of Field Place Horsham Museum Society
[466] p 625
[467] (627)
[468] (631)
[469] (633)
[470] Not everyone agreed and in 1958 The Victorian Society, the national society responsible for the study and protection of Victorian and Edwardian architecture and other arts was founded to fight the then widespread ignorance of nineteenth and early twentieth century architecture. Among its thirty founder members were John Betjeman and Nikolaus Pevsner.
[471] For a major re-appraisal of this whole movement; one that is deliberately argumentative, see Hewison R. (1987) The Heritage Industry Methuen PB London.
[472] Cohen & Major P 920.
[473] See Hughes A. (1986) p 83 for pictures of Bornes.
[474] Cohen & Major p 925.
Friends of Horsham Museum & Art Gallery 